Lecture 14 Gas Exchange + Circulation

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Last updated 4:58 AM on 5/31/26
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10 Terms

1
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What is the goal of gas exchange and circulation.

  • Respiration

  • ATP production

2
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What are the two major systems that collaborate for gas exchange and circulation?

  • Respiratory system

  • Circulatory system.

3
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Why do we need Oxygen?

We need oxygen to produce ATP.

4
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What are the 5 steps of gas exchange called?

  • Ventilation - Moves air across the surface to bring in fresh O2 and remove CO2

  • Diffusion - O2 diffuses from external into blood stream while CO2 leaves

  • Circulation - heart pumps oxygenated blood to tissues and returns CO2

  • Diffusion - O2 moves from capillaries to cells and reaches mitochondria.

  • Cellular Respiration - inside mitochondria O2 is used to make ATP releasing CO2.

5
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compare and contrast the challenges that acquatic + terrestrial animals face in obtaining oxygen.

compare:

  • require large SA for gas exchange

contrast:

  • A - extracting limited oxygen from dense water

  • T must prevent their respiratory surfaces from drying out

6
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explain how different gas exchange structures (Gills, trachea, lungs) are adapted to maximize oxygen intake

Gills are adapted to extract oxygen from water - Large SA

tracheal air-filled tubes called tracheae that deliver oxygen directly to body tissues. - direct delivery

Lungs - Lungs allow animals to obtain oxygen from air while protecting respiratory surfaces from drying out.

7
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differentiate open and closed circulatory systems.

  • Open: Blood directly surrounds organs.

  • Closed: Blood stays within vessels and exchanges materials through capillaries.

8
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How does blod transport gases?

  • Oxygen: Mainly transported bound to hemoglobin.

  • Carbon dioxide: Mainly transported as bicarbonate ions in the plasma.

9
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Trace the evolutonary changes in vertebrate heart structure

2 chambers 3 chambers partially divded 3 chambers 4 chambers

10
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explain how inceasing chamber complexity improves oxygen delivery and supports higher metabolic demand

More heart chambers → less blood mixing → more oxygen delivered to tissues → higher ATP production → supports higher metabolic demands.