Microbiology Chapter 1 test questions

who examined the first microorganisms?

Leeuwenhoek

what were the first molecules examined?

Fungi, algae, protozoa

who developed the taxonomic system?

Linnaeus

list the order of the taxonomic system

kingdom

phylum

class

order

family

genus

species

what are the types of prokaryotes?

bacteria and archaea

who is bigger in size? (prokaryotes or Eukaryotes)

Eukaryotes

where can bacteria and archaea be found?

areas with sufficient moisture and some extremophiles

how do prokaryotes reproduce?

asexually

do prokaryotes have a cell wall?

yes, but some bacteria lack cell walls

what are bacterial cell walls composed of?

peptidoglycan

what are archaea cell walls composed of?

polymers other than peptidoglycan

list the eukaryotes

fungi, protozoa, algae

do fungi have a membrane bound nucleus?

yes

how do fungi obtain their food?

from other organisms

what two types of fungi are there?

molds and yeasts

describe Molds

multicellular; reproduce by sexual and asexual spores

describe yeasts

unicellular; reproduce asexual by budding and some sexual by spores

Protozoa are single or multicellular?

single cell

what kind of cells do protozoa compare to and how?

similar to animals in nutrients needs and cellular structure

where do protozoa live?

live freely in water or in hosts

what eukaryote is capable of locomotion?

protozoa

pseudopods

cilia

flagella

algae uni or multicellular

both

how does algae get their energy?

photosynthesis

type of parasite?

tapeworm

how can viruses be viewed?

electron microscope

who proposed spontaneous generation theory?

Aristotle

who disproved Aristotle's theory and how?

Redi's experiments with exposed meats toffees was infested, but decayed meat kept isolated never developed maggots

who tried to disprove Redi and how?

Needhams experiment with beef gravy and plants reinforced microbes can spontaneously generate

who disproved Needham and how?

Spallenzini concluded

1) needham failed to heat vials sufficiently to kill microbes

2) microorganisms exist in air

3) spontaneous generation does not occur

who helped prove Spallenzini with a modified experiment?

Pasteur used "S" shaped flask to allow air with no microbial life generating

list the scientific method steps

observe, question, hypothesis, results- accept or reject and modify

who is considered the father of microbiology

Pasteur

what is the process of pasteurization?

process of heating liquids just enough

who's experiment demonstrated fermentation does not need living cells?

Buchner

who developed the germ theory of disease?

Pasteur

what did koch study with causative agents of disease?

anthrax, examined staining of microorganisms, simple staining techniques, first photomicrograph of bacteria in diseased tissue, steam for sterilization, petri dishes, transferred bacteria techniques, bacteria as distinct species

Phases of Koch's postulates?

suspended causative agent

agent isolated

host must get disease

Semmelweis

hand washing

lister

antiseptic

nightingale

nursing

snow

infection control epidemiology

jenner

vaccine and field of immunology

Ehlrich

magic bullet and chemotherapy

who established gene activity is related to protein?

Beadle and Tetum

what is germ therapy?

inserting missing gene or repairing defective one

Why is Saccharomyces cerevisiae important to humans?

It is used in the production of alcoholic beverages and leavened bread.

Which of the following scientists demonstrated that a bacterium was the cause of tuberculosis?

Koch

The first viral disease to be described was tobacco mosaic disease, a viral disease that affects tobacco plants.

True