Human Reproductive System: Puberty, Menstrual Cycle, and Fertility

At what age do females typically go through puberty?

Between ages 8-15

At what age do males typically go through puberty?

Between ages 12-15

Where is estrogen produced?

In the ovaries

Where is testosterone produced?

In the testes

What are the physical changes in males during puberty?

Increase in height, oily skin, longer and heavier bones, deepened voice, broader shoulders, growth of body hair, thicker skin, formation of sperm

What are the physical changes in females during puberty?

Increased weight, growth of body hair, widening of hips, formation of mature eggs, softer skin, beginning of menstruation, oily skin, increase in breast size

What are the emotional changes during puberty?

Mood swings, sensitivity, self-consciousness, stress, thinking about the future

What are the social changes during puberty?

Wanting independence, peer pressure, spending more time with friends, interest in dating

What is semen?

A mixture of fluids from seminal vesicles, prostate, and Cowper's gland

What are the three main functions of the vagina?

Birth canal, passageway for menstrual flow, sexual intercourse

What does the scrotum do?

Holds and protects the testes and epididymis, regulates temperature

What does the epididymis do?

Stores sperm as they mature

How can you reduce symptoms of PMS?

Avoiding caffeine and salt

What is the most common factor associated with female infertility?

Associated with ovulation

What is the most common factor associated with male infertility?

Associated with sperm production

What are secondary sex characteristics?

Features that appear during puberty

What is ovulation?

The release of an egg from the ovary

When does menstruation occur in the menstrual cycle?

Days 1-5

When does ovulation occur in the menstrual cycle?

Days 13-14

When does PMS occur in the menstrual cycle?

Days 21-28

Where does fertilization take place?

In the fallopian tube

What is body image?

Perception a person has on his/her appearance

What is primary amenorrhea?

Never menstruating

What is secondary amenorrhea?

Previously menstruating and now is not

What is ectopic pregnancy?

A pregnancy in which the fertilized egg implants outside of the uterus

What is a Pap smear?

Cells are scraped from the surface of the cervix and tested for cancer

What is the most common cancer in males?

Prostate cancer

What is the most common cancer in young males?

Testicular cancer

What are two tests to check for prostate cancer?

Digital Rectal Examination and Prostate Specific Antigen Blood Test

What are three organs that contribute fluids to semen?

Prostate gland, Cowper's glands, seminal vesicles

What are the hair-like projections in the fallopian tubes?

Cilia