Clin Med 2 - Final buzzy (GI, renal, and neuro/geri)

MCC cause of acute pancreatitis

gallstones and aclohol

presentation of chronic pancreatitis

episodic (or continuous) epigastric pain

What is wilson's disease

increased copper causing liver failure

treatment for encephalopathy

lactulose

signs of chronic liver failure

spider angiomas, gynecomastia, bad breath, ascites, caput medusa, palmar erythema, varices

The definitive study for evaluating cause/severity of

hepatocellular disease/dysfunction

liver bx

transmission of hep A

fecal oral

Dx of hep A

Serum IgM anti-HAV

hallmark of Hep B infx

HBsAg

Hep B antibody if immune d/t vax or infx

anti-HBs

When is ALT>AST

NAFLD and Hep B

main sx and tx for hemochromatosis

bronze diabetes, phlebotomy

sx of PUD

dull, aching, gnawing pain

H. pylori tx

PPI + tetracycline + metronidazole + bismuth

MC type of GB stone

cholesterol

PE exam finding for cholecystitis

murphy's sign

how to dx and treat choledocholithiasis

ERCP

Charcot's triad

abd pain, fever, jaundice

(+AMS and HypoTN for pentad)

what disease is PSC associated with?

UC

tx for GERD

lifestyle, antacids, PPI or H2RA

EGD finding for barrett's esophagus

salmon pink epithelium

meds that cause med induced espphagitis

doxy, NSAIDs, bisphosphonates

herald sx of eosinophilic esophagitis

food impaction

what is mallory weiss

small tear in esophageal or gastric mucosa

vomits food/gastric contents, then vomits blood

sequalae of portal HTN

varices

finding on barium swallow for achalasia

bird's beak

sx of zenker's diverticulum

Dysphagia, regurgitation, halitosis

hx of PNA

MC type of hiatial hernia

sliding

When to do a barium swallow

achalasia, zenker's and HH

skin finding for celiac dz

dermatitis herpetiformis

dx test for celiac

tissue transglutaminase IgA

whipple's?

celiac + joint

what has a HIGH alpha 1 antitrypsin

protein losing enteropathy

how to treat SIBO

abx (empiric)

bowel sounds for ileus

hypoactive

red flags for Oglilvie's

peritoneal signs, bloody BMs

MC cause of gastroparesis

DM

How to dx SBO

air fluid levels on XR

sx of mesenteric bowel ischemia

abd pain OOP to exam

C. diff tx

PO vanco

fulminant colitis tx

IV flagyl AND PO vanco

Chron's vs UC

chron's: entire GI tract, skip lesions

UC: rectum and distal colon, only mucosal and submucosal layers, gets 5-ASA mesalamine

tx for acute flare for chron's and UC

steroids

criteria to dx IBS

ROME (1 episode/ week for 3 mo)

what will you see on CT for diverticulitis

pericolic fat stranding

MCC of lower GI bleeding

diverticular bleeding

sx of anal fissure

tearing pain and blood on TP

where do you feel pain from hemorrhoid

below dentate line

Goodsall's rule

posterior curves, anterior straight (like a mullet)

common causes of gastric cancer

H. pylori, N-nitroso

sx of gastric cancer

WL and abd pain

sx of esophageal cancer

feeling of food getting stuck, then difficulty tolerating PO intake

courvoisier's sign

palpable nontender GB (pancreatic cancer)

best way to catch liver cancer

screen w/ US q 6 mo

high risk polyps

villous

scurvy

vitamin C

rickets

vitamin D

night blindness

vitamin A

btwn folate and B12, which has neuro sx

B12

which deficiency causes Chvostek and Trousseau signs

calcium

what classifies an upper GI bleed vs lower?

Ligament of Treitz

most accurate marker of renal fx

CrCl

MC cast

hyaline

what does RBC cast indicate

GN

what does a granular cast look like and what does it indicate

muddy brorwn, ATN

How to treat hypokalemia

Mg before K

how to treat hyperkalemia

C BIG K

Calcium, Bicarb, Insulin, Glucose, Kayexalate

sx of hypercalcemia

stones, bones, groans, psych overtones

which type of hyponatremia is true?

hypotonic

what causes hypertonic hyponatremia

hyperglycemia

what causes low Na+ in urine in hypovolemic hyponatremia

vomiting, diarrhea (GI loss)

what causes euvolemic hyponatremia?

SIADH

labs for a prerenal AKI

- High BUN:Cr ratio (>20:1)

- low urine Na+ (<20 mEq/L)

- low FENa (<1%)

- urine is concentrated (> 500 mOsm/kg)

nephrotoxins

myoglobin

aminoglycosides, vanco

earliest finding of chronic kidney disease

HTN

GFR for stage 4 kidney disease

15-30

how to calculate anion gap

(Na+)-(Cl+HCO3)

causes of metabolic acidosis

MUDPILES

indication for emergent dialysis (theres a lot)

HTN emergency

uremic sx

pericarditis

tx for ATN

hydrate if ischemic

loop diuretic (furosemide)

pt went to spin class and just started a statin complaining of msc pain

rhabdo

hallmark of rhabdo

elevated CK

causes and sx of AIN

causes: PCN, cephs, NSAIDs

sx: fever, rash, eosinophilia

young woman with sudden onset of severe HTN

renal artery stenosis

what do you see on renal angiography of renal artery stenosis

strings of beads (fibromuscular dysplasia)

AD PKD complication

berry aneurysm

AD. PKD sx

HTN, hematuria, pain, palpable kidney

what organ is always involved in AR PKD

liver

sx of medullary sponge

kidney stone, nephrocalcinosis, hematuria

recurrent UTIs

tx for medullary sponge

HCTZ

labs for post-strep GN

low serum complements

high ASO titers

IgG on kidney bx

hallmark of post-strep GN

coke urine

clinical course of Berger dz and tx

gross hematuria 1-2 days after URI

IgA

ACE/ARB

HSP (IgA vasculitis) sx

palpable purpura

arthritis

abd papin

hematuria

clinical course of Wegener's

U&LRI, GN, hemoptysis

C-ANCA positive

necrotizinf granulomatous vasculitis on bx

sx of microscopic polyangiitis

vasculitits with NO lung dz

P-ANCA

What will the patient with Eosinophilic Granulomatosis w/ Polyangiitis have

asthma

what will you see on kidney bx of goodpasture syndrome

crescent formation in bowman's space

tx of goodpasture

plasmapheresis and steroids

child with sudden onset edema & tx

minimal change

steroids