Chapter 4.1: Chromosome Review and Diploid & Haploid Cells

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Last updated 12:58 AM on 5/20/26
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17 Terms

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Chromosome

A cellular structure that contains deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

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Gene

Specific sections of DNA located on chromosomes, responsible for coding for proteins.

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Proteins

Molecules that carry out most of the work within the cells as dictated by genes.

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Homologous Chromosomes

Matching pairs of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent, that control the same traits.

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Diploid Cells (2n)

Cells that contain a complete set of chromosomes; in humans, this number is 46.

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Haploid Cells (n)

Cells that contain half the number of chromosomes found in diploid cells; in humans, this number is 23.

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Fertilization

The process by which one haploid gamete combines with another haploid gamete.

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Zygote

A diploid cell that results from the fertilization of an egg, containing a complete set of chromosomes.

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Human Chromosome Count

Diploid number is 46 (2n) and haploid number is 23 (n).

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Embryo

The stage of development after the zygote, maintaining the diploid count of chromosomes.

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Gametes

Haploid cells, including sperm in males and eggs (ova) in females.

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Genetic Distribution

Each parent contributes exactly half of the total chromosomes to their offspring.

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Trait Control

Homologous chromosomes carry genes that control the same traits.