AP US History Comprehensive Lecture Notes Review

Vocabulary flashcards covering major US History concepts, systems, and key events from 1491 to the present based on lecture transcripts.

Maize

A crop that led to economic growth for societies like the Pueblo and the Aztecs who used it for food.

Encomienda system

A system used by the Spanish to control and subjugate Native Americans for labor.

Casta system

A social hierarchy based on ethnicity that Spanish colonialists took advantage of.

Joint Stock companies

Organizations that reduced the economic risk of ocean voyages by minimizing losses for individual investors.

Mercantalism

An economic theory focusing on extracting wealth and maximizing exports rather than imports.

Navigation acts

Laws by which the British Empire restricted colonial trade to England only to decrease reliance on imports.

Headright system

A program in Virginia that offered land to individuals who moved to the colonies.

Bacons rebellion

An uprising where Nathaniel Bacon and other farmers rebelled against Sir William Berkin and burned down Jamestown.

Pueblo revolt

An event where tribes united against the Spanish, resulting in the Spanish freeing them.

Enlightenment

An intellectual movement emphasizing individual liberty, democracy, and scientific development, featuring thinkers like John Locke.

Great awakening

A religious revival in the $1730s$ and $1740s$ that unified Americans and emphasized individual experience.

Albany plan

A $1754$ attempt to unify the British colonial effort which was rejected but laid the stage for the Constitution.

Proclamation of 1763

A British government order that prevented colonists from moving west to avoid conflict with Native Americans.

Articles of Confederation

The first US government which had no executive or judicial branches and required $9$ votes to pass laws.

Great compromise

An agreement between the New Jersey and Virginia plans that created a bicameral legislature with the House of Representatives based on population.

3/5 colonies

A compromise stating that slaves would count as $3/5$ of a vote for representation purposes.

Judicial Review

A power established in Marbury v. Madison allowing the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional.

American System

Henry Clay's economic plan seeking to enforce tariffs to protect US industries, a national bank, and internal infrastructure.

Missouri compromise

A landmark agreement in $1820$ that admitted Maine as a free state, Missouri as a slave state, and prohibited slavery above the $3630$ line.

Manifest Destiny

The belief that the United States has a divine right to expand across North America.

Popular Sovereignty

A policy allowing residents of a territory to vote on whether to permit slavery.

Anaconda plan

A Union strategy during the Civil War to restrict the South by blocking their ports and the Mississippi river.

Gilded Age

A period of great industrialization and financial growth marked by corruption.

Social Darwinism

A belief system applied to society and business based on the concept of survival of the fatest.

Gospel of wealth

Andrew Carnegie's belief that the wealthy had a responsibility to use their money for the benefit of society.

Jim Crow laws

Legislation in the South that enforced segregation under the principle of separate but equal.

New Deal

FDR's program featuring Relief for the unemployed, Recovery for business, and Reform through agencies like the FDIC and Social Security.

Containment

The US Cold War policy, including the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan, aimed at preventing the spread of communism.

Reaganomics

A Supply side economic policy involving tax cuts, deregulation, and reduced government spending.

NAFTA

The North American Free Trade Agreement aimed at eliminating trade barriers between the USA, Canada, and Mexico.