cardiovascular infections

what are different CVD infections

 Septicaemia

 Plague - Bacterial

 Lyme Disease - Bacterial

 Infectious mononucleosis - Viral

 Haemorrhagic fever disease – Viral/Bacterial

 Malaria

 Endocarditis/myocarditis/pericarditis (localised infection of the heart muscles)

what is the cardiovascular system

a group of organs that transport blood and substances to and from all parts of the body

• consists of heart and blood vessels

• function: circulate blood throughout body

  • provides tissued with oxygen and nutrients

  • carries away carbon dioxide and waste products

why are heart infections serious

• if microbes do invade they gain access to every part of the body

• Bloodstream infections are systemic infections;often with the suffix -emia → septicemia (can lead to septic shock)

  • Viremia

  • Fungemia - Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Aspergillus

  • Bacteremia - Streptococcus pneumoniae , Haemophilus influenzae , Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli (and other enteric Gram

what are defenses in the bloodstream

leukocytes

what is the plague

caused by the bacteria Yersinia pestis → gram negative, rod-shaped, coccobacillus, is a facultative anaerobe (survives aerobic and anaerobic environments)

• three possible manifestations:

• Pneumonic plague: respiratory disease

• Bubonic plague (infection transferred to lymph nodes)

  • Bacterium injected through a flea bite

  • Enters the lymph and is filtered by a lymph node

  • Infection causes inflammation and necrosis of the node

  • Results in a swollen lesion called a bubo, usually in the groin or axilla (shoulder region)

  • Incubation period: 2 to 8 days, ending with the onset of fever, chills, headache, nausea, weakness, and tenderness of the bubo

• Septicemic plague: progressed to massive bacterial growth in the blood

what is Lyme Disease

caused by Borrelia spp, zoonotic disease via ixodes ticks, diatom (not gram + or -)

• Nonfatal

• Evolves into a slowly progressive syndrome that mimics neuromuscular and rheumatoid conditions

• Early symptom: rash a the site of a tick bite, not itchy or painful

• Other early symptoms: fever, headache, stiff neck, and dizziness (shooting pains or tingling)

• Second stage: cardiac and neurological symptoms develop

• Third stage: occurs years after chronic arthritis and neurological complications develop

what is glandular fever (Infectious Mononucleosis)

Majority caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), most of the remainder caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV)

• Sore throat, high fever, and cervical lymphadenopathy

• Long incubation period- 30 to 50 days

• Also may exhibit a gray-white exudates in the throat, skin rash, and enlarged spleen and liver

• Sudden leukocytosis

• Fatigue