Society: Deng Xiaoping

Aspects of Society to consider during this period?

Education

rise of middle class

urban and rural population

the birthrate

how was education impacted during this period?

education improved =

Universities were expanded in size and number = aim was to train a million technical students

schemes to send Chinse students abroad were established = apply their expertise in new SEZ's

why did education improve during this period?

it was Deng's 3rd modernisation

how was the urban and rural population impacted during this period?

both populations living standards improved

further growth of the urban population

why did the rural population benefit during this period?

commune was abandoned and replaced by the Xiang --> still required to meet food production quotas but anything surplus could be sold for profit

this increased food production in China = increased money for peasants --> increased living standards

why was the benefits to the rural population limited?

land reform limited improvement =

farmers still had a 15-year lease on land = doubts of land security deterred peasants from improving land further

why did the urban population benefit during this period?

urban population grew even further and had more jobs = increased living standards

SEZ's were developed and they provided more job opportunities for urban workers

limitations of urban workers benefits during this period?

their "Iron rice bowl" was removed because workers were paid according to performance

firms had to lower costs because state subsidies ended and led to some people losing their jobs

took until 1986 to get a modified labour contract scheme

rise of middle class during this period?

Middle class grew because society shifted from rural and agricultural to urban and industrial

in 1980, barely 1% of population was middle class, by 1997 = 12%

this was because the middle class became the lawyers, managers, bankers, engineers who were benefiting from this new society

what did the rise of the middle class lead to?

consumer boom which led to even more ppl with income and higher living standards for society

the birth rate during this period?

A one child policy was introduced

Han ethnic group could only have 1 child --> couples that did not abide faced fines and their chid would face future disadvantages

Deng's society became a..?

middle class consumer society