Gas Laws & KMT

What are the characteristics of gases?

Gases have an indefinite shape, indefinite volume, and low density.

Describe gas particles.

Gas particles are far apart, move randomly and fast.

What is the formula for Kinetic Energy (KE)?

The formula for Kinetic Energy is $KE = \frac{1}{2} mv^2$, where $m$ is mass and $v$ is velocity.

What is true about the velocity and mass of particles in a mixture?

In a mixture, all particles have different masses and velocities, but they share the same average kinetic energy at a given temperature.

Define Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT).

KMT is the theory that explains the behavior of matter in terms of particles in motion.

What is an elastic collision?

An elastic collision is a collision where Kinetic Energy can be transferred between gas particles, but the total KE remains constant.

What does velocity reflect in gas particles?

Velocity reflects the speed and direction of the gas particles.

What are the characteristics of liquids?

Liquids can change shape but cannot change volume; their particles are close but not tightly packed, leading to moderate density.

What are the characteristics of solids?

Solids have a definite shape and definite volume; their particles are tightly packed and vibrate in fixed positions, resulting in high density.

What is Standard Temperature & Pressure (STP)?

STP is defined as $0^{\circ}\text{C}$ ($273\text{ K}$) and $1\text{ atm}$.

What is the molar volume at STP?

At STP, $1\text{ mole} = 22.4\text{ L}$.

What is the relationship for pressure conversions at STP?

$760\text{ mmHg} = 760\text{ torr} = 1\text{ atm} = 101.325\text{ kPa}$.

What does Boyle's Law state?

Boyle's Law states that $P_1V_1 = P_2V_2$, indicating that pressure and volume are inversely related; if $P \uparrow$, then $V \downarrow$.

What does Charles’s Law state?

Charles's Law states that $\frac{V_1}{T_1} = \frac{V_2}{T_2}$, indicating that volume and temperature are directly related; if $T \uparrow$, then $V \uparrow$.

What does Gay-Lussac’s Law state?

Gay-Lussac's Law states that $\frac{P_1}{T_1} = \frac{P_2}{T_2}$, indicating that pressure and temperature are directly related; if $T \uparrow$, then $P \uparrow$.

What is the Combined Gas Law?

The Combined Gas Law is given by $\frac{P_1V_1}{T_1} = \frac{P_2V_2}{T_2}$ and is used when pressure, volume, and temperature all change.

What does Avogadro's Law state?

Avogadro's Law states that $\frac{V_1}{n_1} = \frac{V_2}{n_2}$, meaning volume and moles ($n$) are directly related.

What is the Ideal Gas Law?

The Ideal Gas Law is represented by $PV = nRT$ and is used for gases at high temperature and low pressure.

What is the Ideal Gas Constant (R)?

The Ideal Gas Constant (R) is $0.08206 \frac{\text{L} \cdot \text{atm}}{\text{mol} \cdot \text{K}}$.