EX. 23 Anatomy of Visual Systems

eyebrows function

shade, prevent sweating going into eyes

eyelids function

protection, spread tears

tarsal gland function

oil glands, lube eye surface

ciliary glands function

oil glands between eyelashes. where styes occur

palpebral conjuctivae and bular conjuctivae function

clear mucus membranes that lube eye. conjuctivitis-pink eye

medial commissure and lateral commissure

eye corners

lacrimal caruncle function

pink elevation, secretes oil, eye sand

lacrimal apparatus function

has tear gland

lacrimal gland function

makes tears

lacrimal puncta function

tiny hole near lacrimal caruncle- drains tears.

lacrimal canaliculi function

tiny canals in eyelid that drain tears

orbicularis oculi function

muscle that closes eye

nasolacrimal duct function

allow tears to enter nose

extrinsic eye muscles

• lateral rectus

• medial rectus

• superior rectus

• inferior rectus

• inferior oblique

• superior oblique

rods

photoreceptors, allow for vision in the dark

cones

allow for color to be seen

LASIK surgery

reshapes the cornea to fix vision, prevent need for glasses/contacts

cataracts

replaces a cloiudy lens

floaters

protein blobs in vitreous humor that casts shadows on the retina

palpebral conjunctiva

tarsal glands

bulbar conjuctiva

lacrimal sac

medial commissure

lacrimal caruncle

lacrimal gland

lateral commissure

lacrimal punctum

lacrimal canaliculus

nasolacrimal duct

superior oblique muscle

trochlea

superior rectus muscle

lateral rectus muscle

inferior oblique muscle

inferior rectus muscle

lateral rectus muscle function

moves eye laterally

• abducens nerve

medial rectus muscle function

moves eye medially

• oculomotor

superior rectus muscle function

elevates eye and turns it medially

• oculomotor

inferior rectus muscle function

depresses eye and turns it medially

• oculomotor

inferior oblique muscle function

elevates eye and turns it laterally

• oculomotor

superior oblique muscle function

depresses eye and turns in laterally

• trochlear

cillary body

ciliary muscle- part of the ciliary body

ciliary process- part of the ciliary body

ciliary zonule

• suspensory ligament

iris- colored part, controls pupil size

cornea

pupil

anterior segment (contains aqueous humor)

lens

posterior segment (contains virteous humor)

sclera

choroid

retina

macula lutea

fovea centralis

optic nerve

optic disc (contains blind spot)

ciliary body

ciliary muscle

ciliary processes

retina

choroid

sclera

lens

ciliary zonule

scleral venous sinus

when intraocular pressure reaches dangerously high levels, the retina and optic nerve are compressed, resulting in pain and possible blindness, leading to this disease

glaucoma

outer layer of retina of pigment cells (melanocytes)

pigmented layer

thicker inner layer of retina composed of photoreceptors (rods and cones) bipolar cells, and ganglion cells

neural layer of retina

sclera function

• maintain shape

• attachment for muscles

cornea function

• froms a clear window that is the major light bending medium of the eye- refraction

choroid function

the blood vessels nourish the other layers of the eye, melanin absorbs light

ciliary body function

contains ciliary muscle and process

ciliary muscle function

alters the shape of the lens with contraction

ciliary process function

capillaries of the ciliary process form the aqueous humor by filtering plasma

cililary zonule function

• suspensatory ligament

• attaches lens to ciliary process

iris function

dilate pupils, controls amount of light entering

pupil function

allows light to enter eye

cornea

sclera

optic nerve

ciliary body

lens

optic disc (blind spot)

retina