ap test 4

sarcoplasmic reticulum

stores calcium

sarcolemma

cell membrane

Mitochondria

make ATP, multi-nucleated

tropomyosin

covers the myosin binding sites on actin

troponin

binds calcium

moves tropomyosin to expose the myosin the myosin binding sites on actin

sliding filament theory

actin slides over myosin

sliding filament theory 4 steps

1. attachment

2. movement

3. detachement

4. cocking of myosin head

all steps need ATP

a band, m line, z line or disc, i band

???

steps involved in muscle contraction and excitation contraction coupling

something about calcium and neurons and troponin and tropomyosin

role of calcium in muscle contraction

Extracellular → neurons

Intracellular → troponin

ATP pumps calcium back into the SR

role of acetylcholinesterase in synaptic cleft

An enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft, terminating the signal between neurons and muscle fibers, allowing relaxation of the muscle.

fast vs slow twitch muscles

fast to fatigue (short distance)
slow to fatigue (long distance)

3 major energy sources for muscle and which is used first

ATP

Creatine phosphate (15 SEC)

Anaerobic pathways (30 SEC)

Aerobic (Hours)

smooth muscle

non striated

doesnt have sacromeres

intra vs extra cellular ion concentrations

something about Na+ and K+

what resting potential is and the differences between a local or graded potential and an action potential

AP: response< Ms contraction and release of neurotransmitters

RP: chilling, not contracting or secreting

Local: no response, magnitude of the change in something is proportional to the stength of something

what ions are responsible for depolarization, repolarization, and hyperpolarization and define these words