Enamel erosion

Enamel erosion is defined as loss of enamel by ________ processes not involving bacteria

chemical

Enamel erosion results from ________ exposure causing demineralization of the crystal structure of dental mineral

acid (dietary acid)

Unlike caries enamel erosion is ________ (caused/not caused) by bacteria

not caused

The two main sources of erosive acid are ________ (from diet) and intrinsic acid (e.g. from GERD or vomiting)

extrinsic

Intrinsic causes of enamel erosion include gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and recurrent vomiting such as with ________ or chronic alcoholism

bulimia

Extrinsic causes of enamel erosion include swishing acidic beverages such as sodas and sports drinks and chewing of ________ foods such as sour candies

acidic

The modern diet contributes to enamel erosion because of increasing consumption of soft drinks / fruit juice / ________ / and alcoholic beverages

smoothies

Among soft drinks and acidic beverages ________ has one of the lowest pH values at 2.3-3.2 making it highly erosive

cola

Energy drinks have a pH of approximately ________ making them significantly erosive

3.4-3.8

________ alone does not fully explain the erosive potential of a food or drink — titratable acidity must also be considered

pH

Titratable acidity is the ________ capacity of a liquid — liquids with high titratable acidity maintain a lower pH for longer and are more difficult for saliva to neutralize

buffering

Liquids with high titratable acidity have a greater tendency to cause tooth wear because they are ________ for saliva to neutralize

difficult

46% of young adults show signs of erosive wear on at least ________ tooth

one

Dentists who reported weekly erosion diagnoses accounted for ________ % of surveyed practitioners

26

Early signs of enamel erosion include smooth silky-shiny ________ surface appearance and loss of enamel translucency

glazed

Progression of erosive tooth wear includes early surface loss / cupping of teeth / palatal erosive wear / and at severe stages hard tissue loss of ________ % or more of the surface area

50

Cupping of teeth is a characteristic sign of ________ erosion from dietary or intrinsic acid

occlusal (erosive)

Enamel erosion leads to exposed ________ tubules which cause dentin hypersensitivity — a short sharp pain in response to brushing / hot or cold food and drinks / and osmotic stimuli

dentin

The first step in management of enamel erosion is patient ________ to identify acid sources adjust brushing timing and recommend appropriate products

counseling

Patients should wait approximately ________ hour after an acid challenge before brushing to avoid abrading softened enamel

1

After an acid challenge patients should use a ________ (soft/hard) toothbrush and a low-abrasion toothpaste

soft

Different fluoride toothpastes vary in: fluoride ________ / pH / fluoride deposition rate and release / and available fluoride concentration

source

Available fluoride sources in toothpastes include sodium fluoride (NaF) and ________ fluoride

stannous

The pH of a fluoride toothpaste affects its ________ in managing enamel erosion

effectiveness

Some ________ ingredients in toothpastes can affect the amount of fluoride availability or uptake

inactive

Prevention of enamel erosion involves counseling / monitoring acid intake / adjusting brushing timing / and using appropriate fluoride ________

products (toothpaste)

Restorative management of enamel erosion is reserved for cases with significant hard tissue loss where ________ alone is insufficient

prevention

The three main dietary categories associated with increased enamel erosion risk are soft drinks and fruit juice / alcoholic drinks / and ________

acidic foods