Social Science Section I

For Michael Go

According to reliable figures, what were the total casualties of World War I?

Over 37 million.

What was the estimated number of deaths worldwide from the global influenza pandemic that began in 1918?

An estimated 20 million deaths.

Where did the deadly "Spanish flu" ironically originate?

In the United States.

In the spring of 1918, one of the earliest outbreaks of Spanish flu occurred among 50,000 American troops at an induction camp in what city and state?

Manhattan, Kansas.

The Spanish flu pandemic claimed nearly how many American lives?

Nearly 700,000 American lives.

In 1919, how many strikes, involving more than 4 million workers, occurred in the United States?

3,600 strikes.

On what date did Woodrow Wilson arrive in Paris for the peace negotiations?

December 16, 1918.

What was Woodrow Wilson's campaign slogan when he won re-election in 1916?

"He Kept Us Out of War."

In what major offensive did over one million U.S. troops play a decisive role, leading to the armistice on November 11, 1918?

The Meuse-Argonne offensive.

Of the 50,300 American "doughboys" who lost their lives in World War I, how many fell during the Meuse-Argonne offensive?

26,277.00

Who was the Commander of the American Expeditionary Force in Europe during World War I?

General John "Black Jack" Pershing.

In what month and year did Woodrow Wilson publicly announce his famous Fourteen Points?

January of 1918.

Who were the "Big Three" leaders of the Allied Powers at the Paris Peace Conference?

French Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau, British Prime Minister David Lloyd George, and Woodrow Wilson of the United States.

How many men did France lose in the course of World War I?

A staggering 1,385,300 men.

How many British soldiers were killed in battle during World War I?

900,000 soldiers.

Under the Treaty of Versailles, Germany was ordered to pay war reparations set at what astronomical sum?

An astronomical sum of $21 billion.

On what date was the Versailles Peace Treaty signed, officially ending World War I?

June 28, 1919.

On what date did President Woodrow Wilson return to the U.S. from the World War I peace conference in France?

July 8, 1919.

What fraction of the Senate's support is required for a treaty to be officially ratified by the United States?

Support of two-thirds of the Senate.

Who was the Republican chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and Wilson's greatest rival regarding the League of Nations?

Massachusetts Senator Henry Cabot Lodge.

As early as March 1919, how many senators had Henry Cabot Lodge lined up who vowed to vote against the League without significant reservations?

Thirty-nine senators.

What was the designation for the senators who vowed to vote against the League without significant amendments?

"Reservationists."

Lodge focused his fiercest criticism on which article of the League's Charter, which affirmed the territorial integrity of member nations?

Article X.

Who was the isolationist Republican Senator from Idaho who declared total, unqualified opposition to the Treaty and the League?

Senator William E. Borah.

On what date did President Wilson personally submit the final version of the Treaty of Versailles to the Senate?

July 10, 1919.

How many total amendments did Senator Lodge draft that he claimed were needed for his fellow Reservationists to vote for the treaty?

Forty-two amendments.

On what date in 1919 did Woodrow Wilson embark on a 9,981-mile cross-country speaking tour?

September 3, 1919.

Wilson's speaking tour began in Columbus, Ohio and was scheduled to last for what period of time?

A three-week period.

In San Diego, Woodrow Wilson addressed more than how many citizens packed into the local stadium?

More than 50,000 eager citizens.

Where did Woodrow Wilson deliver his final public speech?

Pueblo, Colorado.

On what date did Wilson suffer a massive stroke that left him partially paralyzed?

October 2, 1919.

For how long was the United States effectively leaderless following Wilson's stroke?

For eighteen months.

The Twenty-Fifth Amendment, outlining a procedure for presidential disability, was not ratified until what year?

1967

On what date was the revised Treaty of Versailles, containing fourteen reservations, rejected by the Senate for a second time?

March 19, 1920.

What was the final vote count when the Senate rejected the revised treaty on March 19, 1920?

49-35.

In what year did the U.S. become a charter member of the United Nations?

1945

The general strike in Seattle, which began in February 1919, involved more than how many labor unions?

More than one hundred labor unions.

What was the membership of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) in 1919?

4,169,000 members.

The radical International Workers of the World (IWW) saw its membership peak at how many members?

60,000 members.

Who was the leader of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) during World War I?

Samuel Gompers.

In September 1919, how many steelworkers went out on strike?

365,000 steelworkers.

What was the daily wage for mostly immigrant steelworkers who sometimes logged eighty-four hours in a seven-day work week?

A wage of $4 dollars a day.

What cautious Massachusetts Governor ordered state guard units to restore peace during the Boston Police strike?

Governor Calvin Coolidge.

How many coal miners went on strike in Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virginia, Indiana, and Illinois in late 1919?

400,000 coal miners.

What U.S. Attorney General was most responsible for the federal crackdown on organized labor and radicalism?

A. Mitchell Palmer.

The Espionage Act was passed in 1917 and subsequently amended in what year as the Sedition Act?

1918

On April 28, 1919, what Seattle mayor was sent a homemade bomb through the mail?

Mayor Ole Hanson.

Congress responded to Attorney General Palmer's appeals by appropriating how much money to fund the Justice Department's anti-radical efforts?

$500,000.00

What special unit did A. Mitchell Palmer create within the Bureau of Investigation (BOI) to lead his anti-radical campaign?

The General Intelligence Division (GID).

Who did Palmer tap to lead the agency that became the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in 1924?

J. Edgar Hoover.

The General Intelligence Division (GID) soon amassed a vast intelligence archive of how many cards cataloging information on suspected individuals?

200,000 cards.

On what date did local riot police and federal agents raid the Union of Russian Workers' headquarters in New York City?

November 7.

On December 21, 1919, how many suspected subversives were loaded onto a steamer bound for Soviet Russia?

249 suspected subversives.

Who was the famous anarchist deported to Soviet Russia on December 21, 1919?

Emma Goldman.

In January 1920, bureau agents in thirty-three cities made over how many arrests of individuals affiliated with the Communist Party?

Over four thousand arrests.

Who was the Socialist Party leader from Philadelphia convicted under the Sedition Act for distributing anti-draft leaflets?

Charles Schenck.

In Schenck v. United States, Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. established what legal test for restricting speech?

A "clear and present danger" test.

How many votes did Eugene Debs, the Socialist presidential candidate, garner from behind bars in the 1920 election?

900,000 votes.

In his dissent in Abrams v. United States, what concept did Justice Holmes champion as essential to a democratic society?

The "free trade of ideas."

In what year were the Italian immigrants Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti executed by Massachusetts?

1927

From 1915 to 1920, how many African Americans left their homes in the American South as part of the Great Migration?

Over a million African Americans.

By the time it officially ended in the early 1970s, how many African Americans had participated in the Great Migration?

Six million African Americans.

From 1910 to 1920, by what astounding percentage did Detroit's African-American population grow?

611.3 percent.

What was the nickname given to Harlem, which functioned as the unofficial capital of Black America?

"Black Mecca."

The famous "Harlem Hellfighters" 369th Infantry Band was led by what lieutenant who introduced jazz to European audiences?

Lt. James Reese Europe.

In what year did the virtuoso trumpeter Louis Armstrong arrive in Chicago?

1922

In 1925, electrical recording was introduced, which coincided with the increasing popularity of what medium?

The radio.

Who coined the phrase "Red Summer" to describe the surge in racial violence from April to November 1919?

James Weldon Johnson.

In 1919 alone, there were how many recorded lynchings, the highest total since 1904?

Seventy-six recorded lynchings.

During the "Elaine Massacre" in Phillips County, Arkansas, more than how many African-American men, women, and children were left dead?

More than two hundred.

In 1919 alone, how many people died during race riots in northern cities?

More than 250 people.

The Chicago race riot of 1919 was sparked by the murder of what African-American teenager on July 27?

Eugene Williams.

How many people were left dead and how many injured after seven days of rioting in Chicago in 1919?

Thirty-eight dead and more than five hundred injured.

How many African-American men served in the U.S. military during World War I?

More than 400,000.

African Americans purchased over how much in liberty bonds during World War I?

Over 250 million dollars worth.

Who was the charismatic founder of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)?

Marcus Garvey.

Marcus Garvey was born in St. Ann's Bay, Jamaica, in what year?

1887

In what year did Marcus Garvey immigrate to the United States and settle in Harlem?

1916

By the early 1920s, the UNIA had established over 1,000 branches in how many states and countries?

Thirty-eight states and forty-one countries.

The UNIA's newspaper, The Negro World, claimed a subscription of how many in 1920?

50,000.00

In August of 1920, crowds of more than how many supporters packed Madison Square Garden to hear Garvey speak?

More than 25,000 supporters.

Who was America's leading Black intellectual and head of the NAACP, the UNIA's rival organization?

W. E. B. Du Bois.

Following his conviction for mail fraud in 1923, Marcus Garvey was deported in what year?

1927

On what date did the Volstead Act, which enforced a constitutional ban on alcohol, take effect?

January 17, 1920.

By 1915, hundreds of "dry" counties had spread across how many states?

Eighteen states.

By 1927, how many states had effectively defunded Prohibition by refusing to budget any money for its enforcement?

Thirty states.

The Nineteenth Amendment was ratified on August 18, 1920, how many years after it was first introduced to Congress?

Forty-two years.

In what year did Wyoming become the first state or territory to grant women's suffrage?

1869

By 1919, women enjoyed full voting rights in how many states and territories?

Twenty states and territories.

Who was the first woman elected to national office in the United States?

Jeanette Rankin.

The United States was the _ nation to extend full suffrage to women.

twenty-seventh

In the first national election after women's suffrage, what percentage of eligible women cast a ballot?

Thirty-five percent.

NAWSA, led by Carrie Chapman Catt, peaked at how many members in 1920?

2 million members.

In what year did Congress halt appropriations to the Sheppard-Towner Maternity Act, effectively phasing it out?

1929

Warren G. Harding used his skills to vault from the Ohio state legislature to the U.S. Senate in what year?

1916

Harding won the 1920 election with what percentage of the popular vote?

60.3 percent of the popular vote.

On what date did Congress pass a joint resolution, backed by Harding, that officially declared an end to hostilities with Germany?

July 21, 1921.

The Five-Power Treaty established what ratio for the limitation of capital vessels for fifteen years?

A 5:5:3 ratio (U.S.:Britain:Japan).

The United States built only eleven ships between 1922 and 1929, while Japan built how many?

125

In early 1920, Charles Ponzi guaranteed investors a return of what percentage within forty-five days?

Fifty percent.