Social Science Research and Family Dynamics Practice Flashcards

Comprehensive practice flashcards covering social science research terminology, identity development theories, family dynamics, and parenting styles as detailed in the lecture transcript.

What is Anecdotal Data?

Data collected from words or interviews rather than charts or numbers.

How is a Bilinear descent system defined?

Descent that follows both the male and female lines, meaning the individual is related to both the father's and the mother's relatives.

What is a Blended Family?

A family with children from both the mother and father's previous relationships.

What is the purpose of a Case Study?

An in-depth analysation of a person or group over a certain amount of time to answer complex questions.

Distinguish between Conjugal and Consanguine relationships.

Conjugal refers to a husband/wife/spousal relationship, while Consanguine refers to blood relationships.

What does Content Analysis look for?

Trends or patterns in means of communication and entertainment.

What is the difference between a Positive Correlation and a Negative Correlation?

In a Positive Correlation, variables increase or decrease together. In a Negative Correlation, one variable increases while the other decreases or vice versa.

Define the term Equalitarian in a family context.

Equal dominance of a father and mother.

What is the difference between an Experimental Group and a Control Group?

The Experimental Group is the one in which the variable is changed, whereas the Control Group has unchanged circumstances to compare against the sample group.

According to the notes, what is the definition of Family?

Two or more people related by blood, marriage or adoption and residing together.

What is a Meta-Study?

Reanalyzing data to find new conclusions.

What is Neolocal living?

A situation where the individual does not live by the mother or father.

How do Open Ended and Closed Ended Questions differ in research research?

Open Ended Questions are used in qualitative research to allow participants to lead the research, while Closed Ended Questions are used in quantitative research to provide harder data that is easily analysed.

Define Polyandry, Polygamy, and Polygyny.

Polyandry is multiple husbands; Polygyny is multiple wives; Polygamy is a marriage involving more than two spouses or partners.

What is Qualitative research focused on?

Richer, more detailed data reported anecdotally to answer Why? or How? through exploratory methods like interviews and observational studies.

What is Quantitative research focused on?

Objective "hard" data reported using stats, numbers, and graphs to answer How many? or How much?

Define Independent Variable and Dependent Variable.

The Independent Variable is changed or manipulated by the researcher, while the Dependent Variable changes as a result of that manipulation.

What are the three criteria for 'valid' social science research?

$1$. Well controlled (random assignment), $2$. Repeated many times, and $3$. Conducted on a representative sample.

What are the 6 main functions of a family?

Reproduction, Physical care, Socialization, Control, Morale and motivation, and Economic function (goods and services).

What are the three family theories mentioned in the notes?

Functionalism (families maintain stability), Systems Theory (interconnected members), and Life Course Approach (stages and transitions over time).

Describe Erikson's stage: Trust vs. Mistrust.

Age: $0-18$ months. Infants need attentive caregivers to learn the world is safe. Virtue: Hope. Failure leads to anxiety and mistrust.

Describe Erikson's stage: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt.

Age: $1-3$ years. Children develop personal control. Virtue: Will. Failure results in continued total reliance on caregivers.

Describe Erikson's stage: Initiative vs. Guilt.

Age: $3-5$ years. Children develop purpose and start doing things on their own. Virtue: Purposefulness. Failure leads to reduced creativity.

Describe Erikson's stage: Industry vs. Inferiority.

Age: $6-13$ years. Children become competitive and want to learn peer-level skills. Virtue: Competence. Failure leads to feeling inadequate.

Describe Erikson's stage: Identity vs. Role Confusion.

Age: $13-21$ years. Individuals wrestle with life's big questions to develop into adulthood. Virtue: Fidelity. Failure leads to confusion or blindly following others.

Describe Erikson's stage: Intimacy vs. Isolation.

Age: $21-39$ years. Individuals create families and form relationships. Virtue: Love. Failure leads to isolating self through fear of being hurt.

Describe Erikson's stage: Generativity vs. Stagnation.

Age: $40-65$ years. Urge to contribute to society and create a legacy. Virtue: Care. Failure leads to stagnation and loss of interest.

Describe Erikson's stage: Integrity vs. Despair.

Age: $65+$ years. Evaluating satisfaction with how life was lived. Virtue: Wisdom. Failure results in regret and despair.

What are James Marcia's four stages of identity formation?

$1$. Identity diffusion, $2$. State of foreclosure, $3$. State of moratorium, and $4$. State of achievement.

What is Perpetual Moratorium?

A state where an individual is constantly bombarded with questions and ideas but never settles down on a view of life.

What are the three problems arising from the paradox of choice?

Decision paralysis (unable to choose), Dissatisfaction (expecting better), and Guilt (responsibility for a wrong choice).

Define 'Emerging Adulthood'.

A phenomenon where young adults take their early adult years to jump around and explore rather than start a life and build adulthood.

How does Rubin define the difference between Liking and Loving?

Liking involves respect or trust; Loving involves caring, attachment, and intimacy.

In Hatfield's model, how do Passionate and Companionate love differ?

Passionate love is high emotion and starts relationships strong. Companionate love is stable, characterized by deep care and knowing the partner well.

What are the components of Sternberg's 'Romantic Love'?

Passion + Intimacy (physical passion, deep conversations, but no future plans).

According to Sternberg, what is Fatuous Love?

Passion + Commitment (impulsive, marrying quickly without established liking/friendship).

What is 'Empty Love' in Sternberg's triangular theory?

Commitment alone, often seen in arranged marriages.

List Gottman's '4 horses of the apocalypse'.

Criticism, Defensiveness, Contempt, and Stonewalling.

What are the four types of boundary problems defined in the notes?

Complaints (cannot say no due to guilt), Controllers (violates others' boundaries), Non-responsives (sets boundaries against responsibility to love), and Avoidants (sets boundaries against the care of others).

Name the four parenting styles identified by Baumrind.

Authoritarian (high demand/low response), Authoritative (high demand/high response), Uninvolved (low demand/low response), and Indulgent (low demand/high response).

What are the modern parenting 'spin-offs' of Baumrind's research?

Snow plow, Gentle, Helicopter, Tiger, and Free-range parenting.

What is 'Safetyism'?

The practice of making environments "safer" for children, such as banning snowballs or not allowing outdoor play in the rain.

What are the four harms cited as results of a screen-based childhood?

Social deprivation, Sleep deprivation, Attention fragmentation, and Addiction.