Biology and Cell Theory Lecture Notes

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structures, cellular transport mechanisms (diffusion/osmosis), and basic solution chemistry.

Prokaryotes

Single-cell organisms that do not contain a membrane-bound nucleus or any membrane-bound organelles.

Mucilaginous sheath

A substance that surrounds a colony of cyanobacteria such as Oscillatoria.

Nucleus

The part of the cell that contains the genetic material of the cell.

Chloroplast

The site of photosynthesis in plant cells.

Mitochondria

Known as the powerhouse of the cell, this is where aerobic respiration occurs.

Cell wall

A rigid structure that surrounds a plant cell; it is made primarily of cellulose.

Amyloplast

Specific plastids where starch is made and stored.

Pseudopod

Temporary legs of an amoeba that allow for movement.

Cilia

Short hairlike structures surrounding a paramecium that allow for movement.

Hemolyzed

A state where a red blood cell gains water and will burst (lysis).

Crenate

A state where a red blood cell loses water and shrivels.

Turgid

A state where a plant cell gains too much water and becomes swollen.

Plasmolyzed

A state where a plant cell loses water and shrivels.

Diffusion

The passive net movement of molecules in solution from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.

Osmosis

The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane in the direction of higher solute concentration.

Oscillatoria

bacteria, unicellular, prokaryote.

Gloeocapsa

bacteria , unicellular, prokaryote.

Amoeba

protist, unicellular, eukaryote.

Paramecium

protist, unicellular, eukaryote.

Solvent

A fluid that dissolves substances.

Solute

A substance dissolved in a solution.

Solution

A homogeneous liquid mixture of two or more kinds of molecules.