UNIT 2: PRINCIPLES OF ERGONOMICS & HUMAN ENGINEERING

Human Engineering

Designing systems, spaces, and tools for the dynamic human body.

Hazard

Expecting the worker to fit the job.

Solution

Designing the workplace to fit the worker.

Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs)

Disorders caused by unnatural body positions and repetitive static loads.

Safety

Reduce occupational illness, injuries, and compensation claims.

Comfort

Eliminate excessive force, awkward postures, and localized pain.

Error Reduction

Minimize cognitive and physical friction to improve accuracy.

Productivity

Streamline task efficiency and prevent missed deadlines.

principle 1

Keep the body aligned to minimize joint stress and muscle fatigue.

principle 2

Keep work between mid-thigh and mid-chest height.

principle 3

The musculoskeletal system is meant to move and recover.

principle 4

Place high-use items within easy reach.

principle 5

Eliminate high muscle-effort requirements.

principle 6

Avoid unnecessary and repetitive movement.

30-Second Rule

tasks repeating every 30 seconds or less are highly repetitive.

principle 7

Prevent pressure between soft tissue and hard surfaces.

principle 8

Match work surface height to the task being performed.

principle 9

Minimize exposure to vibration from tools and equipment

principle 10

Allow enough space for movement and posture changes. good lighting

principle 11

Regular movement helps prevent fatigue and injury.

principle 12

Control environmental conditions that affect performance.

principle 13

Ensure items and information are easy to see and reach.

principle 14

Design work to minimize mental stress and confusion.

principle 15

Optimize communication, teamwork, and work organization.