lecture 22 - early feminism/industrial revolution

where do early feminist movements originate

Enlightenment! - orchestrated the Salons

• discussed themselves while men talked too

• why do important documents of enlightenment js ignore women completely

describe the Seneca falls convention led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton

one of the first major feminist meetings

300 attendees, and even men like Frederick Douglass came

1/3 signed declaration of sentiments - all men and women are created equal

describe different views on feminism

seneca falls - women’s rights bc they are human

maternal feminism - women deserves rights bc they mother everyone

opponents said women r disobedient and selfish, as many argued for divorce rights

women like Jane Addams made settlement houses for the destitute

describe opposition to feminism

A sizable part of the population thought that education was “ruining” feminist women.

• A large amount of the opposition to women’s rights came from women themselves

  • Some women worried that a loss of “Feminine privilege” would see them being drafted into the army or other undesirable things

describe when some countries gained right to vote

new Zealand the first

USA - 1920

france - 1945

note: in the context of AFTER wars

describe the causes of the industrial revolution

england was perfect for coal power - lots of frequently flooded coal mines, so pumped water to cool engines and continue production

increased capacity of coal engine → creation of steam engine

what was Britain doing before coal production

textile industry, originally in cottage industries but learned from Mughals and increased production

Implemented factory labor and flying shuttle → urbanization

significance of Bessemer and Ford

Henry Bessemer - Inventor who created the Bessemer process - makes high quality + cheap steel - allows for skyscrapers

Henry Ford - used interchangeable parts and assembly lines to mass produce the automobile

how did the industrial revolution affect the aristocracy

stayed mostly the same

• money then - land, money now - business ventures

• politically conservative, want participation only for them

how did the industrial revolution affect the industrial owner class

new society - power and influence from owning enterprises

could buy their way into aristocracy

only want rights for themselves to protect business

how did the industrial revolution affect the new middle class

• Very new class in society - those who had the means to live without working in a factory setting

• Politically Liberal - not radical - wants to expand voting rights and some limits on the terrible working conditions

how did the industrial revolution affect the laboring classes

• 70-80% of urban society - reliant entirely on their next paycheck

• Virtually no rights in the workplace or in society

• Moved in huge numbers to the cities, farmers become a minority for the first time… ever?

• When they begin to gain an independent identity, they begin to agitate for more political rights, frequently violently.