Presentation & Display of Quantitative Data (2)

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Last updated 7:43 PM on 6/9/26
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4 Terms

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Tables

  • Researchers use tables to present the summary findings of their research

    • Raw Scores are not shown in the table as they must be converted to descriptive statistics to present an overview of the results

      • The mean and standard deviation are commonly used as the measures of central tendency and dispersion

  • A table provides a clear and straightforward summing up of the results per condition

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<p>Bar Charts</p>

Bar Charts

  • A type of graphical display can be achieved using a bar chart

  • The data shown on the x-axis of a bar chart is discrete (not continuous) e.g.

    • scores on a memory test

    • number of 'yes' answers ticked on a questionnaire

  • A bar chart deals with categorical data which does not necessarily fall into any particular order

    • If a researcher had conducted an experiment with three conditions they could use a bar graph to display the means of each condition

  • Bar charts do have gaps between each category on the x-axis (unlike histograms)

    • The x-axis shows the categories/conditions

    • The y-axis shows the score/percentage per category/condition

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Histograms

  • On a histogram, the x-axis represents the categories that have been measured e.g.

    • the number of goals scored across one football season

    • the number of marks in a psychology mock exam across one year group

  • On a histogram, the y-axis represents the frequencies of each category occurring e.g.

    • the frequency of the number of two goals scored in one match

    • the frequency of question 5 on the mock exam being awarded full marks

  • A histogram thus, shows continuous data

    • Any category with zero frequency is represented by a space (a gap) in the chart

  • Histograms do not have gaps between the bars; the bars touch each other

<ul><li><p>On a histogram, the <strong>x-axis</strong> represents the <strong>categories</strong> that have been measured e.g.</p><ul><li><p>the number of goals scored&nbsp;across one football season</p></li><li><p>the number of marks in a psychology mock exam across one year group</p></li></ul></li><li><p>On a histogram,<strong> </strong>the <strong>y-axis</strong> represents the <strong>frequencies</strong> of each category occurring e.g.</p><ul><li><p>the frequency of the number of two goals scored&nbsp;in one match</p></li><li><p>the frequency of question 5 on the mock exam being awarded full marks</p></li></ul></li><li><p>A histogram thus, shows <strong>continuous</strong> <strong>data</strong></p><ul><li><p>Any category with zero frequency is represented by a space (a gap) in the chart</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Histograms do <strong>not </strong>have <strong>gaps</strong> between the bars; the bars touch each other</p></li></ul><p></p>
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<p>Scattergrams </p>

Scattergrams

  • Scattergrams are used to display the results of correlations

  • A scattergram shows the point at which two separate pieces of data meet

  • Each co - variable can be presented along the x-axis or the y-axise.g.

    • a strong positive correlation will be shown regardless of which axis is chosen per co-variable

  • The arrangement of points on the scattergram will indicate whether there is a positive correlation, a negative correlation or no correlation