part 2 sports med

What is the proper splinting position and duration for nonoperative management of mallet finger?

full DIP extension continuously for 6–8 weeks.

What condition is commonly referred to as “Little League elbow,” and where does it occur?

medial epicondyle overuse injury at the inner elbow growth plate.

Which muscle group is involved in lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow)?

wrist extensors, especially extensor carpi radialis brevis.

What are two hallmark signs of a complete biceps tendon rupture at the elbow?

shows a “Popeye” deformity and weak flexion/supination.

What is the correct anatomical name for the collarbone?

clavicle.

What structure is injured in a SLAP lesion?

superior labrum where the biceps attaches.

Where is pain typically located in bicipital tendinitis?

The anterior shoulder pain in the bicipital groove.

Which special test is commonly used to assess supraspinatus tendonitis?

The empty can test assesses supraspinatus tendonitis via pain/weakness.

What are two key clinical signs of spondylolisthesis during assessment?

low back pain with extension and a palpable step-off.

What type of fracture is most commonly associated with a fall on an outstretched hand with wrist hyperextension?

A Colles’ fracture results from FOOSH with wrist hyperextension.

Which nerve is compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome, and which three digits are most commonly affected?

the median nerve affecting the thumb, index, and middle fingers.

What is the primary function of the Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC)?

stabilizes the distal radioulnar joint and absorbs ulnar wrist forces.

What long-term complications can result from recurrent shoulder subluxations?

instability, labral damage, and possible arthritis.

What does the acronym PRICES stand for in acute injury management?

PRICES = Protection, Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation, Stabilization.

Which muscle group is commonly involved in medial epicondylitis?

wrist flexor muscles.

Why are scaphoid fractures considered clinically significant?

poor blood supply and risk of necrosis.

What condition is described as one vertebra slipping forward on another?

Spondylolisthesis is forward slippage of a vertebra.

Describe the key difference between a dislocation and a subluxation in the glenohumeral joint:

Dislocation = complete separation; subluxation = partial displacement.

What primary movement is weakened following a distal biceps tendon rupture?

Distal biceps rupture weakens forearm supination most.

Name the three muscles that form the boundaries of the anatomical snuffbox.

APL, EPB, EPL tendons.

What special test is used to reproduce pain associated with a SLAP lesion?

O’Brien’s test reproduces pain in SLAP lesions.

In what direction do most intervertebral disc herniations occur, and why?

weaker posterior ligament support.

Where is the scaphoid bone palpated?

the anatomical snuffbox.

Which carpal bone is most commonly fractured in athletes who swing a bat or racket?

The hamate (hook) is commonly fractured

Explain the difference between a muscle strain and a ligament sprain.

strain = muscle/tendon injury; sprain = ligament injury.

A positive Tinel’s sign at the elbow indicates irritation of which nerve, and what symptoms are produced?

the ulnar nerve causing tingling in ring/pinky fingers.

What special test is used to assess the AC joint and produces a “piano key” sign?

shows clavicle springing up with ligament injury.