psychopathology

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Last updated 11:34 PM on 3/5/25
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23 Terms

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Criteria for distinguishing normality from abnormality
Deviance, distress, dysfunction, danger.
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Three etiological theories of mental illness
Supernatural, biological, psychological.
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Supernatural theory of mental illness
Beliefs in possession and divine punishment, treated with exorcisms and trepanation.
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Biological theory of mental illness
Focuses on physical causes like humors; treated with bloodletting, diet changes.
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Psychological theory of mental illness
Emphasizes mental/emotional stress; treated with therapy and moral treatment.
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Moral treatment in psychopathology
Intent of humane, compassionate care leading to temporary improvement.
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Hippocrates' approach to mental illness
First biological approach focusing on humors.
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Kraepelin
Known for early classification of disorders.
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DSM vs. ICD
DSM is detailed for the U.S., while ICD offers broad categories globally.
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Pros of diagnostic labels
Facilitates treatment and research.
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Cons of diagnostic labels
Leads to stigmatization and potential misdiagnosis.
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Characterized by persistent worry and muscle tension.
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Panic Disorder
Involves sudden panic attacks.
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Consists of obsessions (intrusive thoughts) and compulsions (rituals).
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Trichotillomania
Disorder characterized by hair-pulling.
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PTSD vs. Acute Stress Disorder
PTSD lasts more than 1 month, ASD resolves within 1 month.
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Effectiveness of psychotherapy
75% benefit from therapy; 5% may worsen.
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SSRIs
Medications that increase serotonin, used for depression and anxiety.
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Benzodiazepines
Increase GABA, treat anxiety, but are addictive.
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Exposure Therapy
Includes systematic desensitization and flooding techniques.
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Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Identifies and modifies negative thinking patterns.
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Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)
Challenges irrational thoughts to alter emotional responses.
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Exposure & Response Prevention (ERP)
Used in OCD treatment to expose patients to feared stimuli while preventing compulsive responses.