Unit 6: Land and Water Use

Wildlife

________ refuge- designated for the protection of wild animals, within which fishing and hunting are either prohibited or extremely controlled; NO CAMPING.

Septic systems

________- a large container that receives wastewater from the house.

Floodplain

________- area nearest rivers course that are flooded periodically (riparian)

Extirpation

________ is the disappearance of a population from a given area, but not the entire species globally.

environmental contamination

To protect against ________, landfills must be located away from wetlands, earthquake- prone faults, and 20 ft above water table.

Lack vegetation

________: increase air pollutants, temperature, urban noise, while decreasing wildlife habitat.

Stomach

________ flu- Bacteria or virus present in fecal matter that contaminates water supply.

Parasites

________ and predators attack nests.

Wastewater

________ can carry a wide variety of disease- causing organisms.

Frogs

________ in the rainforest are a great example of a species that is being lost.

Lakes

________ /ponds- bodies of open standing water.

maximum contaminant levels

It is responsible for establishing ________ (MCL) for 77 different elements or substances in both surface water and groundwater.

Adaptive Management

________: monitoring results and adjusting methods as needed.

sustainable yield

Maximum ________- the amount of a renewable resource that can be taken without reducing the available supply.

National Park

________- public lands protected from resource extraction and development of infrastructure.

Nutrients

________ that are released from wastewater decomposition can make the water more fertile causing eutrophication.

Maximum sustainable yield

the amount of a renewable resource that can be taken without reducing the available supply

Adaptive Management

monitoring results and adjusting methods as needed

IPM

protect from pathogens and insects

Primary Forest

Natural forest, uncut by people

Secondary Forest

contains second-growth trees (trees that have grown

Ecological Issue

Loss of Biodiversity

For mammal or marine species

each year 1 species out of every 1-10 million goes extinct

Two factors effect this theory

Area and Distance

Distance effect

the farther an island is from the continent, the fewer species find and colonize it

Larger islands have higher immigration rates

they are fatter targets, and lower emigration rates

National Park

public lands protected from resource extraction and development of infrastructure

Wilderness areas

the land is considered a natural state; allows hunting, minimal impact development (no logging, mining, etc), NO MOTOR VEHICLES

Wildlife refuge

designated for the protection of wild animals, within which fishing and hunting are either prohibited or extremely controlled; NO CAMPING

Biosphere reserves

areas of land with exceptional biodiversity that couple preservation and sustainable development to benefit local people

Biosphere reserves

areas of land with exceptional biodiversity that couple preservation and sustainable development to benefit local people

BLM land

for grazing, mining, timber, and rec

USFS land

for timber, grazing, and rec

NPS land

for rec. and conservation

FWS land

for wildlife, hunting, and rec

Water problems

as cities grow, their water demands increase

Lack vegetation

increase air pollutants, temperature, urban noise, while decreasing wildlife habitat

Impervious Surfaces

increase flooding risks and/or runoff, as water cannot reach the soil

Smart Growth

recognizes that urban growth will occur, but uses tools to make the growth less harmful

Landfills are undesirable and nobody wants them

NIMBY Not-In-My-Backyard syndrome

Case Study

The Garbage Barge Case

1987

Islip New York

Resource Conservation Recovery Act (RCRA)

Requires that any hazardous waste be taken to facilities in which they can either be stored, treated, or disposed of in permanent containers

example

Love Canal

Irrigation

70% of water use

Industry

20% of water use

Domestic and Municipal

10% of water use

Types of Freshwater systems

RIVERS/Lakes

Floodplain

area nearest rivers course that are flooded periodically (riparian)

Lakes/ponds

bodies of open standing water

Furrow

least efficient

Drip

most efficient

Example

The Ogallala Aquifer in the Midwest, where majority of agriculture in the United States takes place, is severely overused

Water pollution

the contamination of streams, rivers, lakes, oceans, or groundwater with substances produced through human activities and that negatively affect organisms

Point sources

distinct locations that pump waste into a waterway

Nonpoint sources

diffuse areas such as an entire farming region that pollutes a waterway

Human Wastewater

Water produced by human activities such as human sewage from toilets and gray water from bathing and washing clothes or dishes

Typhoid fever

Caused by salmonella bacteria

Diarrhea

Caused by any number of bacteria present in water contaminated by fecal matter

Septic systems

a large container that receives wastewater from the house

Sewage Treatment Plants

centralized plants in areas with large populations that receive wastewater via a network of underground pipes

Clean Water Act

(1972) supports the "protection and propagation of fish, shellfish, and wildlife and recreation in and on the water"

Safe Drinking Water Act

(1974, 1986, 1996) sets the national standards for safe drinking water