Exam 2 review

What are the 2 connective tissues making up the skeletal system?

Bone and cartilage

What process produces blood cells and platelets?

Hematopoesis

What type of bone is the patella?

sesamoid

What is the shaft of a long bone called?

Diaphysis

What is the membrane covering the outside of bone called?

Periosteum

What bone cell forms new bone tissue?

osteoblasts

What bone cell maintains the bone matrix?

osteocytes

What bone cell is responsible for bone resorption?

osteoclasts

What is the structural unit of compact bone?

osteon (haversian system)

What is the lattice framework in spongy bone called?

trabeculae

What is the cartilage structure that allows for bone lengthening?

Epiphyseal plate

What hormone stimulates osteoblast activity?

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

What is the point where 2 bones meet called?

joint

What are the 3 structural classifications of joints?

fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial

What is a freely movable joint called?

diarthrosis

What fibrous joint anchors the root of a tooth into its bony socket?

gomphosis

What point connects bone with fibrocartilage?

symphysis

what is the fluid that lubricates synovial joints?

synovial fluid

What type of synovial joint is present at the shoulder and hip?

ball and socket

What ligament prevents the tibia from sliding too far forward?

ACL

what are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

cardiac, smooth, and skeletal

what ion is essential for muscle contraction?

calcium ion

what is the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber called?

sarcolemma

what is the functional unit of skeletal muscle?

sarcomere

what protein is a thick filament?

myosin

what is the neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction?

ACH (acetylcholine)

what theory explains how muscles shorten during contraction?

sliding filament theory

what type of contraction produces tension without changing muscle length?

isometric