ANSC 251 - Garbage Brain

I am going to kill myself, not even tomodachi life 2 can save me.

Name the facial bones

• Frontal, nasal, maxilla, incisive, orbit

• Orbital margin

• Zygomatic arch

• Pterygopalatine fossa

• Fossa for lacrimal sac

• infraorbital foramen

Facial bone formed by frontal, lacrimal & zygomatic bones

Orbital margin

Facial bone formed by maxilla, zygomatic process of temporal bone & zygomatic bones

Zygomatic arch

Origin of masseter muscle

Zygomatic Arch

Muscle that arises from pterygopalatine fossa

Pterygoid muscle

What foramen are found in pterygopalatine fossa?

• Caudal palatine foramen

• Sphenopalatine foramen

• Maxillary foramen

Fossa containing nasolacrimal canal for the nasolacrimal duct

Fossa for lacrimal sac

Rostral opening for infraorbital canal, contains infraorbital arteries and veins

Infraorbital foramen

Bones of the braincase

• Basioccipital

• Tympanic

• Petrosal part of temporal bone

• Basiphenoid

• Presphenoid

Name some of the ventral surface of the skull components

• Paracondylar process

• Tympanic bone

• Mastoid process

• Oval foramen

• Tympano-occipital fissue

• Mandibular fossa

What is found in the tympanic bone?

Tympanic bulla + external acoustic meatus

Annular cartilage of external ear attaches to its periphery

External acoustic meatus

Ventral skull component that is the origin for digastricus muscle

Paracondylar process

Foramen in which the manidbular nerve exits from

Oval foramen

Mandibular fossa components

Temporomandibular joint

What forms the temporomandibular joint?

Zygomatic process of temporal bone articulating with condyles of mandible

Termination of _____ parts of celidocephalicus and sternocephalicus

Mastoid process

What does the tympano-occipital fissure allow passage to?

• Glossopharyngeal

• Vagus

• Accessory nerves

• Internal carotid artery

• Internal jugular vein

• Postganglionic axons from cranial cervical ganglion

Occipital bones of the skull

• Occipital condyles

• Nuchal crest

• External occipital protuberance

• Foramen magnum

• Mastoid foramen

Passageway of spinal cord (from occipital bones)

Foramen magnum

Term that is also called sagittal crest of the skull

External occipital protuberance

Area where dorsal portion of parietal bone meets with caudal portion of occipital bone

Nuchal crest

Passage for meningeal arteries and veins

Mastoid foramen

Genetic disorder of occipital bone mesoderm

Caudal occipital malformation syndrome

Function of hyoid apparatus

Stabilize tongue and larynx by suspending them from skull

Names of hyoid apparatus bones (prob won’t need to know names)

• Stylohyoid

• Epihyoid

• Ceratohyoid

• Basihyoid

• Thyrohyoid

Components of mandible

• Lower jaw

• Lower and upper jaw

• Masseteric fossa

• Coronoid process

• Mandibular foramen

• Condylar process

• Mandibular notch

• Angular process

What does the lower jaw articulate with

Mandibular fossa of zygomatic process of temporal bone

Where do the upper and lower jaw meet?

At the symphisis

Origin and insertion of masseter muscle

O: zygomatic arch

I: masseteric fossa

True or false: coronoid process is the ventral half of ramus

False: dorsal

Process that contains depression for insertion of temporal muscle

Coronoid process

Forms temporomandibular joint and is part of the manible bones

Condyle process

U shaped depression between condylar and coronoid processes

Mandibular notch

Caudal opening of mandibular canal and transmits inferior alveoli a. v. and n., opens up at the 3 mental foramina to supply sensory innervation to lower lip and chin

Mandibular foramen

Process that hooked eminence ventral to condylar process + attachment of pterygoid muscle medially and masseter laterally

Angular process

Name the 4 types of teeth

• Incisors

• Canine

• Premolars

• Molars

Teeth placement

• upper: embedded in maxilla bone lower: embedded in mandible

• 1 on left and right side

Canine

Teeth placement

• upper: embedded in maxilla bone lower: embedded in mandible

• 4 on left and right side

Premolars

Teeth placement

• upper: embedded in incisive bone lower: embedded in mandible

• 3 on left and right side

Incisors

Teeth placement

• upper: embedded in maxilla bone

  • 2 on left and right side

• lower: embedded in mandible

  • 3 on left and right side

Molars

Total number of canine teeth

a) 24

b) 20

c) 32

d) 42

d)

Which teeth are known as sectorial of shearing teeth?

Upper 4th premolar and lower 1st molar

Term given to baby teeth

Deciduous teeth

When do deciduous teeth begina and end erupting?

3 to 6 weeks

At what age do permanent teeth erupt and when do they end

4 to 6 months

Which animal does this correspond to?

a) dog

b) pig

c) horse

d) ox

c)

True or false, dogs have 3 upper molars (left and right) and 3 lower molars (left and right)

False: 2 upper per side and 3 lower per side

How many premolars do horses have per side?

3 upper and 3 lower

Which animal does this correspond to?

a) dog

b) pig

c) horse

d) ox

d)

Which animal does this correspond to?

a) dog

b) pig

c) horse

d) ox

b)

Which animal does this correspond to?

a) dog

b) pig

c) horse

d) ox

a)

Cavities of the skull: what does the cranial cavity contain?

• Brain and its coverings

• BLood vessels

Name of roof of braincase + what it’s formed by

Calvaria formed by parietal and frontal bones

What is the nasal aperture composed of?

2 symmetrical halves separated by a median nasal septum

Components of nasal cavity

• Nasal aperture

• Choanae

• Conchae

Caudal end of nasal septum where 2 nasal cavities open into nasopharynx

Choanae

Function of conchae

Act as baffles to warm and cleanse inspired end + contain olfactory neurons

What are the dorsal and ventral conchans divided into?

4 primary passages (meatuses):

• Dorsal nasal meatus

• Middle nasal meatus

• Ventral nasal meatus

• Common nasal meatus

Name those parts

answers are here

Can you name these parts?

• Purple: nasal cavity airways

• Orange: L & R rostral frontal sinus

• Yellow: L & R lateral frontal sinus

• Pink: L & R medial frontal sinus

• Light blue: L & R maxillary recess

Component that communicates with ventral nasal meatus

L & R maxillary recess

Name the muscles of the face

• Platysma

• Orbicularis oris

• Buccinator

• Levator nasolabialis

Innervation of face muscles

• All: facial nerve

• Exception: Levator palpebrae superioris innervated by oculomotor nerve superior division

Face muscle action: returns food from vestibule to occlusal surface of teeth

Buccinator

Face muscle action of Levator nasolabialis

Dilates nostrils and raises upper lip

Face muscle action of platysma

Draws commissure of lips caudally

Face muscle action: controls shape and size of mouth opening

Orbicularis oris

Name missing muscles

Name the eyelid components

• Palpebrae

• Lacrimal gland

• Plica semilunaris/nictitating membrane

• Muscles + eyelids

Junction of upper and lower eyelid

Commisure

What attaches the commisure of eyelids?

Medial and lateral palebral ligaments

Which eyelids bear the cillia?

Only upper eyelids

What does the joining of palpebrae form and where do they meet?

Form medial and lateral palpebral comisure at the end of fissure

Mucous membrane covering inner eyelid

Palpebral conjunctiva

Both upper and lower palpebrae border the _______

Palpebral fissure

Eyelid component that is ventral to zygomatic process of frontal bone

Lacrimal gland

Where does the lacrimal gland secrete into?

Conjunctival sac

Describe destination of lacrimal flow

Serous fluid passes across cornea to be collected by puncta and passes through lacrimal duct of each lid to lacrimal sac —> nasolacrimal duct —> nasal meatus of nasal cavity where evaporation takes place

Opening of lacrimal duct

Puncta

Function of plica semilunaris

Lubricates the cornea

Concave fold of palpebral conjunctiva and cartilage that moves horizontally across the eyebal

Plica semilunaris

What causes the cherry eye condition?

Tear gland of nictating membrane prolapsing

Name some muscles of the eyelids

• Orbicularis oculi

• Retractor anguli oculi lateralis

• Levator palperae superioris

Elevates upper lid, eye muscle innervated by oculomotor nerve

a) orbicularis oculi

b) retractor anguli oculi lateralis

c) levator palperae superioris

c)

Action: closes palpebral fissure

a) orbicularis oculi

b) retractor anguli oculi lateralis

c) levator palperae superioris

a)

Attached to medial palpebral ligament and closes eyelids

a) orbicularis oculi

b) retractor anguli oculi lateralis

c) levator palperae superioris

b)

Cavity lying outside teeth and gums + inside the lip and cheeks

Vestibule

What ducts can be found within the vestibule?

• Parotid duct

• Zygomatic gland

Duct found through cheek on small papilla opposite the caudal end of upper shearing tooth

Parotid duct

Duct that opens into vestibule lateral to last upper molar tooth

Ducts of zygomatic gland

Bounded dorsally by hard palate + part of soft palate, laterally & rostrally by dental arches and ventrally by tongue

Oral cavity proper

What are the 5 types of papillae in the tongue?

• Filiform

• Conical

• Fungiform

• Foliate

• Vallate

Which papillae of the tongue are known as the taste buds?

• Fungiform

• Foliate

• Vallate

Associate the taste buds with the correct taste:

a) Fungiform

b) Foliate

c) Vallate

1. Sweet

2. Salt

3. Bitter

a) 2

b) 3

c) 1

Papillae that is nongustatory

Filiform

Papillae that is mechanical & tactile (not very gustatory)

Conical

Elastic limb of free portion of tongue

Lyssa

Identify the structures