Brain stem

Brainstem

The most superior portion of the brainstem that controls involuntary acts and serves multiple functions.

Midbrain

The part of the brainstem that controls eye movement, visual and auditory reflexes, and connects the motor region of the cerebrum to the spine.

Pons

The part of the brainstem that sits between the midbrain and the medulla oblongata and acts as passageways for sensory and motor nerves.

Medulla Oblongata

The most inferior portion of the brainstem that serves as a relay station for communication between the brain and spine and controls functions such as coughing, swallowing, and heart rate.

Cerebellum

The fourth major region of the adult brain that coordinates voluntary movements, maintains posture, and regulates behavior expression.

Limbic System

The functional region in the brain that includes structures in both the cerebrum and dicephalon, making us aware of emotions and helping associate emotions with memories.

Hippocampus

A part of the limbic system that aids in moving memories from short-term to long-term.

Amygdaloid Body

A part of the limbic system that connects emotions to long-term memories.

Olfactory Cortex

Considered part of the limbic system, it explains why smell can cause a powerful emotional response.