Generic to MOA

Tobramycin

Interferes with bacterial protein synthesis by binding to 30S ribosomal subunit resulting in a defective bacterial cell membrane

Amoxicillin

inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs)

Amoxicillin/clavulanate

inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and inhibiting beta lactamase

Cefoxitin

inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs)

Ampicillin/Sulbactam

inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and inhibiting beta lactamase

Cefepime

inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs)

Ciprofloxacin

Inhibits topoisomerase II (DNA-gyrase) and IV in susceptible organisms; inhibits relaxation of supercoiled DNA and promotes breakage of double-stranded DNA

Levofloxacin

Inhibits topoisomerase II (DNA-gyrase) and IV in susceptible organisms; inhibits relaxation of supercoiled DNA and promotes breakage of double-stranded DNA

Moxifloxacin

Inhibits topoisomerase II (DNA-gyrase) and IV in susceptible organisms; inhibits relaxation of supercoiled DNA and promotes breakage of double-stranded DNA

Azithromycin

inhibits RNA-dependent protein synthesis by binding 50S ribosomal subunit

Erythromycin

inhibits RNA-dependent protein synthesis by binding 50S ribosomal subunit

Clarithromycin

inhibits RNA-dependent protein synthesis by binding 50S ribosomal subunit

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole

interferes with bacterial folic acid synthesis via inhibition of dihydrofolic acid formation from para-aminobenzoic acid

Doxycycline

inhibits protein synthesis by binding 30S and possibly 50S ribosomal subunit

Nitrofurantoin

inactivate or alter bacterial ribosomal protein synthesis; reactive intermediates with reactive nitro group damages nucleic acids

Fluconazole

interferes with fungal cytochrome p450 activity; decrease ergosterol synthesis

Itraconazole

interferes with fungal cytochrome p450 activity; decrease ergosterol synthesis

Voriconazole

interferes with fungal cytochrome p450 activity; decrease ergosterol synthesis

Caspofungin

inhibit synthesis of b(1,3)-D-glucan; inihibits cell wall synthesis/integrity of susceptible fungi

Acyclovir

inhibits DNA synthesis and viral replication by competing with deoxyguanosine triphosphate for viral DNA polymerase and being incorporated into viral DNA

Valacyclovir

inhibits DNA synthesis and viral replication by competing with deoxyguanosine triphosphate for viral DNA polymerase and being incorporated into viral DNA

Oseltamivir

inhibits influenza virus neuraminidase

Piperacillin/tazobactam***

inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and inhibiting beta lactamase

Imipenem/cilastatin

inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs)

Cefdinir

inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs)

Ondansetron

selective 5-HT3-receptor antagonist which blocks serotonin peripherally and centrally

Palonosetron

selective 5-HT3-receptor antagonist which blocks serotonin peripherally and centrally

Magnesium hydroxide/aluminum hydroxide

neutralizes gastric acid

Calcium carbonate

neutralizes gastric acid

Bismuth subsalicylate/bismuth subgallate

salicylate provides anti-secretory effect, bismuth has antimicrobial effects agaist bacterial/viral enteropathogens

Loperamide

inhibits peristaltic activity by a direct effect on the circular and longitudinal muscles of the intestinal wall, increases viscosity, and diminishes fluid and electrolyte loss

Simethicone

Decreases the surface tension of gas bubbles, disperses and prevents gas pockets in the GI system

Psyllium

absorbs water in the intestine to form a viscous liquid which promotes peristalsis and reduces transit time.

Docusate

Anionic surfactants that lower the surface tension of the stool, increasing water and fat absorption into stool

Bisacodyl

stimulates propulsive peristaltic activity by local irritation of the smooth muscle of the intestine

Senna

stimulating peristaltic activity on the intestine by direct action on intestinal mucosa or nerve plexus, therefore increasing motility

Polyethylene glycol 3350

causes water retention in the stool; increases stool frequency

Cimetidine

Reversibly competitive inhibition of histamine at H2 receptors of the gastric parietal cells resulting in reduced gastric acid secretion, gastric volume and hydrogen ion concentration reduced

Famotidine

Reversibly competitive inhibition of histamine at H2 receptors of the gastric parietal cells resulting in reduced gastric acid secretion

Ranitidine

Reversibly competitive inhibition of histamine at H2-receptors of the gastric parietal cells, which inhibits gastric acid secretion, gastric volume, and hydrogen ion concentration are reduced.

Esomeprazole

suppresses gastric acid secretion by irreversible inhibition of the H+/K+-ATPase in the gastric parietal cell

Lansoprazole

suppresses gastric acid secretion by irreversible inhibition of the H+/K+-ATPase in the gastric parietal cell

Omeprazole

suppresses gastric acid secretion by irreversible inhibition of the H+/K+-ATPase in the gastric parietal cell

Pantoprazole

suppresses gastric acid secretion by irreversible inhibition of the H+/K+-ATPase in the gastric parietal cell

Dicyclomine

Blocks the action of acetylcholine at parasympathetic sites in smooth muscle, secretory glands and the CNS; reduces GI smooth muscle spasm

Prochlorperazine

blocks postsynaptic mesolimbic dopaminergic D1 and D2 receptors in the brain

Lubiprostone

Promotes secretion of a chloride-rich fluid which improves stool consistency; promotes increased frequency by reflexively activating motility; prostanoid activator of intestinal Cl- channels

Finasteride

inhibits type II 5-alpha reductase, resulting in inhibition of the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone and markedly suppresses serum dihydrotestosterone levels

Scopolamine

Blocks the action of acetylcholine at parasympathetic sites in smooth muscle, secretory glands and the CNS; increases cardiac output, dries secretions, antagonizes histamine and serotonin; at usual recommended doses, causes blockade of muscarinic receptors at the cardiac SA-node and is parasympatholytic

Darifenacin

Selective antagonist of the M3 muscarinic (cholinergic) receptor

Oxybutynin

Direct antispasmodic effect on smooth muscle, also inhibits the action of acetylcholine on smooth muscle

Tolteridine

competitive antagonist of muscarinic receptors

Sildenafil

enhances the effect of NO by inhibiting phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) which promotes smooth muscle relaxation and inflow of blood to the corpus cavernosum

Tadalafil

enhances the effect of NO by inhibiting phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) which promotes smooth muscle relaxation and inflow of blood to the corpus cavernosum

Vardenafil

enhances the effect of NO by inhibiting phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) which promotes smooth muscle relaxation and inflow of blood to the corpus cavernosum

Linaclotide

stimulates secretion of Cl- into lumen followed by intestinal fluid secretion which accelerates GI transit; agonist of guanylate cyclase C

Vedolizumab

blocks the α4β7 integrin interaction with MAdCAM-1, reducing chronic gastrointestinal inflammation; specific for Crohns disease and ulcerative colitis