ALL FELINE QUIZ

FeLV and FIV are both retroviruses. What makes these different to other virsues?

Insert their DNA into the invaded cells dna - lifelong infection.

gag-pro-pol-env sequence

pol = reverse transcriptase (DNA polymerase + intergrase)

What type of contact transmits FeLV? give examples.

close and freindly contact

eg saliva, urine, faeces milk

There are three possible disease status outcomes after an infection with FeLV. what are these and describehow they occur.

1. Persistent viraemia (clinical disease). poor immune system / strogn infection, leads to death

2. virus elimination (clinically normal) virus eliminated by strogn immune response

3. Persistent latent infection (clinically normal) rare viraemia, shedding after stress. Strong immune responnse but virus not eliminated.

What are the symtoms of FeLV?

RAIN

reproductive failure

anaemia

immunodeficiency

neoplasia

What disease is most common cause if anaemia in cats?

FeLV

An owner comes to you with 5 kittens all with anaemia, some with tumours and some with secondary infections, you diagnose FeLV primry stage infection. What is your plan for restesting?

1. You test all cats - they are all +.

2. after 12 weeks, test again

   1. those who are + should be removed - persistant viraemia

   2. those who are - should be retested every 6-12 months for life.

3. test any new cats entering colony

How is FIV transmited? Give exmaples.

UNFRIENDLY CONTACT

• saliva - bitimg

(also transplacental / milk?)

Describe testing methods for FIV vs FeLV

PCR tests for the provirus IN the cells DNA

RT-PCR tests for th viral RNA genome

For both : use in-house lateral flow tests

LFT for FIV tests for the ant I body. antibodies remain high for all infection, cannot clear virus.

LFT for FeLV tests for the antig E n. As cats can recover / be latently infected, so antibodies fluctuate.

Describe how cats develop feline infectious peritonitis and the types of virus involved.

Must forst be infected with FCoV (feline enteric coronavirus), which CAN but will not always develop into FIP. It occurs due to a common but sporradic mutation of FCoV.

infection with FCoV often occurs via faecal oral transmission in kittens.

What makes the difference in recovery, dry and wet FIP - and what are these?

Will recover - no disease, if there is a good CMI response.

Partial CMI leads to dry FIP - invariably fatal, fluctuating fever, anorexia, depresion, lethargy, jaundice

Poor CMI leads to wet FIP - invariably fatal, accumulation of lfuid in body cavities, depression inaopetentce, jaundice

How does FIV effect the immune system?

It is an immune comlex disease - deposit in walls of small blood vessels causing vasculitis.

ehances macrophage uptake of complexes

more antibodies = acceleration of disease.

A cat is bought in to your practice with a mild fever and enteritis. The owner thinks it may have eaten something, so you send it away as it seems well. A week later the cat returns, it seems depressed and lethargic. The owner states it hassn’t been eating but its abdomen is swollen and dull upon percussion. Its mucous membranes are yellow tinted. It also has a large fever, which is nto responding to medication.

What disease is this?

You take a sample of fluid from the abdomen. If your dianosis is correct, what do you expect to see?

What is the prognosis?

FCoV = enteritis. Devloped in wet FIP.

Viscus straw coloured fluid that froths upon shaking, and clots on standing. - FIP lfuid.

No treatment. poor outcome.

What two viruses can cause feline panleucopenia?

Is this preventable?

feline infectious peritonitis

parvovirus

• YES vaccination is sucessful

List the symptoms of feline panleucopenia. WHY do these happen?

the virus targets rapidly dividing cells.

villus crypt epithelium - enteritis

bone marrow / lymphoid tissue - panleucopenia

late gestation (cerebellum) - cerebellar hypoplasia

early gestation - foetal death, abortion.

Clinical signs include - sudden death. diarrrhoea, pyrexia, depression, panleocpenia

Name two feline enteric viruses

feline panelucopenia

feline enteric coronavirus

How can cats catch cow pox?

From rodents!

A barn cat comes in with some mild lesions on its face / ears. It is later summer. What culd this be - what is the prognosis?

Cow pox! should self-resolve as long as cat healthy. warn owner as it is zoonotic

Why are cats at risk of ctaching H5N1? What are the symptoms and prognosis for this? Is it preventable?

scavangers / hunters- catch weakened / sick bords that coud be infected with influenza.

severe - fatal disease. fever, lethargy, conjunctivits, laboured breathing. can sread to other cats.

There is a vaccine ! prevents severe clinical disease

List the core vaccines for cats in the UK

Feline parvovirus

felive calcivirus

feline herpesvirus - 1

Name three types of bacteria that cause infections in cats

Mycobacteria

Mycoplasma

Bartonella

What are the signs of a mycobacterial infection in a cat?

cutaneous nodules, drainig sinuses, pannicultis (inflammation of skin fat layer)

What pathogen causes feline infectious anaemia? How?

mycoplasma haemoelis

• adheres to and damages erythrocytes

An owners child was scrated by her cat. Initially it was justa small lesion, but now the child has developed lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes). What could this be?

Cat scratch disease - bartonella heneslae

What are the two main feline RT infections causing ‘cat flu’?

Feline herpesvirus

Feline calcivirus

A cat comes in with sneeing, nasal discharge, conjunctivits and occuar discharge. It also hs a fever. what disease can casue this?

Feline herpes virus

• main diagnositc symptom is the conjunctivits

Can also lead to chronic rhinitis

A cat comes in with conjunctivits, oral ulceration, nasal discharge, a fever and lamness. What coud this be?

Feline calcivirus

• lameness, ulcers and conjunctivitis are gieawasy

What is meant by chronic stomatitis /

server ersistant mouth ulcers. thi is associated with FCV.

A cat comes in with conjunctivits, oral ulceration, nasal discharge, a fever and lamness. What coud this be?

After a few days, the symptoms change - facial and paw oedema, necrosis and ulceration. there is also some jaundic, resp disease and fever. What is this?

Initiall typical FCV.

Develops into virulet strain - haemorrhagic syndrom, viral systemic disease.

Describe the differencees in symptomsof FCV / FHV

Describe the differences in FHV / FCV virus carrires

FCV - persistent infection, no clinical disease, shed always, recovery.

FHV - latency +- reactivation, life long.

A cat comes in with

 Pyrexia

 Sneezing

 Nasal discharge

 Sub-mandibular lymphadenopathy

 Coughing

 Dyspnoea/cyanosis -

bronchopneumonia

What do you suspect?

Bordertella bromnchiseptica

• causes cilliary stasis.

What disease causes unilateral → bilateral conjunctivits and chemosis?

chlamydophila felis

• gram negative parasite