SOCSCI 220 Research Methods in Social Science - Exam 4 Study Guide

Flashcards covering key terms and definitions from the SOCSCI 220 Research Methods in Social Science study guide.

APA Style

A writing format established by the American Psychological Association, used for academic papers.

Title Page

The first page of an APA paper, including the title, author name, institutional affiliation, course, instructor, and date.

Abstract

A 150-250 word summary of the paper, including key findings and keywords, formatted as one paragraph without indentation.

Descriptive Statistics

Statistical methods for summarizing and representing data.

Z-Score

A standardized score indicating how many standard deviations a data point is from the mean.

Null Hypothesis (H₀)

A hypothesis that states there is no effect or relationship, to be tested against the alternative hypothesis.

Type I Error

The incorrect rejection of a true null hypothesis, also known as a false positive.

Effect Size (Cohen's d)

A measure of the magnitude of difference between two groups in standardized units.

ANOVA (Analysis of Variance)

A statistical method used to compare means across three or more groups.

Post-Hoc Tests

Tests used after ANOVA to determine which specific groups are different.

Standard Deviation (SD)

A measure of the amount of variation or dispersion in a set of values.

Citing Sources

The practice of giving credit to the original authors of the ideas and research used in a paper.

Inferential Statistics

Statistical methods that allow generalizations from a sample to a population.

Statistical Significance

A measure indicating that the result observed in the data is unlikely to have occurred by chance.

Bias in Language

Using neutral, person-first language to avoid prejudicial implications in writing.

Sample Size

The number of observations or replicates included in a statistical sample.