LAB- Enzymes- June 16

modified proteins that act as catalysts biochemical reactions living in orgamisms

Enzyme

proteins are made from

many amino acids and polypeptide bonds

enzymes are what kind of dimensions

three dimensional

enzymes are selective for

a single substrate and can be used over and over

increase the rate at which chemical reactions occur without being consumed or permanently alerted themselves

Catalysts

catalyst increase rate by blank times faster than the rate of the uncatalyzed reaction

10^6-10^14

catalysts speeds rate of reactions by

lowering the activation energy (Ea)

a process that converts one or more substances (known as reagents, reactants, or substrates) to another type of substance (the product)

chemical reaction

initial investment of energy

ACTIVATION ENERGY (Ea)

a region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other substance during a reaction

Active Site

a set of environmental conditions under which enzymes are most successful

optimal environment

changes in the optimal environment can disrupt the what and therefore change

disrupt the bonds between amino acids and change the three-dimensional shape of the enzyme, causing it to lose some of all its function

the active sit is distorted and the compatible substrate can no longer bind due to factors such as extreme pH or high temperatures

denaturation (denature)

low temperatures allow enzymes to

work at a slower rate or become inactive until optimal range of temperature is achieved

in an enzyme formula, substrate will always be on the

left side

in an enzyme formula, enzymes will always be on the

arrow

in an enzyme formula, products will always be on the

right

most enzymes are classified with the suffix

-ase

• catalase

• catecholase

the exception to the “ase” rule

proteolytic enzymes generally have the suffix “-in”

• Rennin

optimal temperature for rennin

37 degrees C

optimal pH for catalase

neutral pH (7)

why does an apple turn brown?

exposure to oxygen