Geography

What is a shanty town?

An informal settlement built by people who cannot afford proper housing.

Where are shanty towns most common?

LICs/NEEs.

What are other names for shanty towns?

Slums, favelas, barrios.

What is rural-urban migration?

The movement of people from the countryside to the city.

Why does rapid urbanisation cause shanty towns?

Cities grow faster than governments can build housing.

How does poverty lead to shanty towns?

Migrants cannot afford proper housing, so they build their own shelters.

Why does lack of planning contribute to shanty towns?

Cities expand onto unsafe land like hillsides, floodplains, and waste ground.

What materials are shanty towns houses often made from?

Scrap materials.

Why are shanty towns overcrowded?

Many people live in small spaces due to lack of affordable housing.

What sanitation problems do shanty towns face?

Limited clean water, shared toilets, and open sewers.

Why are shanty towns at risk of environmental hazards?

They are often built on unsafe land prone to flooding or landslides.

Name two social issues in shanty towns.

Crime and disease.

Where is Rocinha located?

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

What is a major problem in Rocinha?

Gangs and poor sanitation.

Where is Dharavi located?

Mumbai, India.

What type of work is common in Dharavi?

Small workshops such as leather and pottery.

Name one major issue in Dharavi.

Disease due to overcrowding and poor sanitation.

What is urbanisation?

The increase in the proportion of people living in towns and cities.

What is a push factor?

A reason people leave the countryside.

What is a pull factor?

A reason people move to cities.

Give three push factors.

Low wages, poor healthcare, natural disasters.

Give three pull factors.

More jobs, higher wages, better education.

Why is urbanisation faster in LIC/NEEs?

Rapid population growth + rural-to-urban migration happening now.

Why is urbanisation slower in HICs?

Most people already live in cities; urbanisation happened earlier.

What is a megacity?

A city with a population over 10 million.

Why did Manchester grow rapidly in the 19th century?

Industrial Revolution, cotton mills, coal, canals, railways, migration.

What industry made Manchester famous?

The cotton/textile industry.

How did canals help Manchester grow?

They made transport of raw materials and goods cheaper and faster.

Why did people migrate to Manchester?

Factory jobs and better wages.

What is deindustrialisation?

When factories closes and manufacturing declines.

Why did Manchester decline in the 20th century?

Cheaper production abroad, collapse of cotton industry, machines replacing workers.

What were the effects of the decline?

Unemployment, poverty, population drop.

What is regeneration?

Improving an area through investment, new buildings, and new jobs.

Name a major regeneration project in Manchester.

Salford Quays/MediaCityUK

What companies are based at MediaCityUK?

BBC, ITV, and other media/tech companies.

How did sport help regenerate Manchester?

2002 Commonwealth Games meant new stadium, jobs, investment.

Why was regeneration needed?

To replace lost industrial jobs and improve living conditions.