RT 100 CH 4 Unit 1 Upper Limbs

structural joint classifications

fibrous joints (generally immovable)

cartilaginous joints (immovable or slightly movable)

synovial joints (freely movable)

Synovial joint aids in gliding or sliding movement

plane

Which synovial joint aids in flexion and extension only?

ginglymus/hinge

Which synovial joint helps the distal and proximal forearm joint rotate?

pivot/trochoid

Which synovial joint is located between the metacarpals and phalanges and wrist bones?

ellipsoid/condyloid

This synovial joint helps the thumb flex, extend, abduct, adduct, and circumduction

saddle

This synovial joint has the greatest freedom of motion

ball & socket/spheroidal

Synovial joint that moves primarily in one direction on a single axis

bicondylar

Name structures that make up the upper limbs

fingers, hands, wrist, forearm, arm, and shoulder girdle

Name the bones of hand and wrist

Name the joints of the hand and wrist

Name the bones of the wrist

Name the bones of the forearm

Name the bones of the elbow (anterior view)

Name the bones of the elbow (lateral view)

Ulnar deviation

Movement of the wrist towards the ulna or medial side; helps find scaphoid

Radial deviation

Movement of the wrist towards the radius or lateral side; helps find lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, and hamate

Positioning considerations of upper limbs

40" SID

4-sided collimation to area of interest

Long axis of part is aligns with long axis of IR

Low to mild kV (55 to 70+)

Short exposure time

Patient ID and side markers visible

If a patient is wearing a small to medium dry plaster cast, you have to increase the kV by ___

5-7 kV

If a patient is wearing a large or wet cast, you must increase the kV by ____.

+8-10 kV

If the patient is wearing a fiberglass cast, you must increase the kV by ___.

+3-4 kV

Which carpal bone is the biggest carpal bone?

Capitate

Which carpal bone is the most fractured?

Scaphoid/navicular

Which carpal bone is the smallest carpal bone?

Pisiform

_____ is the transfer of a cancerous lesion from one area to another.

metastases

_____ is a form of arthritis marked by progressive cartilage deterioration in synovial joints and vertebrae, pain, swelling of the joints, and difficultly moving.

degenerative joint disease

A ____ is a complete displacement of bone from joint while a ___ is a partial displacement of bone from joint.

dislocation; subluxation

A rupture of tearing of connective tissue resulting in swelling is called a ____.

sprain

True or False: You can see fat pads clearly in xrays if there’s a change or injury involved

True

Which wrist movement helps visualize the scaphoid carpal bone?

ulnar deviation

Which wrist movement helps visualize the lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, and hamate?

radial deviation

fat pads/stripes for wrist

scaphoid fat stripe & pronator fat stripe

fat pads/stripes for lateral elbow

anterior fat pad, posterior fat pad, and supinator fat stripe

What is another term for bruise?

contusion

A fracture that is open and breaks through the skin is called __.

compound

A _____ fracture appears splintered or crushed

comminuted

A ____ fracture occurs when bone fragments are driven into each other.

impacted