int deck

What are the three primary soil types based on texture?

Sand, silt, and clay.

What are the characteristics of sand in terms of soil type?

Large particles, good drainage, poor water retention, low nutrients.

What is soil erosion?

The removal of topsoil by wind and water.

What are some causes of soil erosion?

Deforestation, overgrazing, unsustainable farming, construction.

What methods can be used for soil erosion control?

Vegetative cover (planting trees, cover crops), physical barriers (contour ploughing, terracing), and management techniques (gully control, no-till farming).

What is the definition of a food chain?

A linear sequence showing the flow of energy from one organism to another.

What are producers in an ecosystem?

Organisms that make their own food, such as plants and algae.

What is photosynthesis?

A process by which plants use sunlight to make food.

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

6CO2 + 6H2O
ightarrow C6H{12}O6 + 6O2.

What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Aerobic respiration uses oxygen and releases lots of energy; anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen and produces less energy.

What is pH?

A measure of acidity or alkalinity.

What is the importance of neutralization reactions?

They produce salt and water, which is important in digestion, soil, and water quality.

What types of reproduction exist in plants?

Asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction.

What parts make up the male reproductive system in humans?

Testes, sperm ducts, glands, and penis.

What is immunity?

The body’s ability to fight disease.

What are sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?

Infections that are spread through sexual contact.

What are some methods of contraception?

Barrier methods (condoms), hormonal methods (pills), IUDs, natural methods, and emergency contraception.

What is the water cycle?

The movement of water on Earth through processes such as evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, runoff, and infiltration.

What are the main parts of the eye responsible for vision?

Cornea, iris, pupil, lens, retina, and optic nerve.

What is a reflex action?

A fast, automatic response to a stimulus.

What is the definition of the reflex arc?

The pathway followed by nerve impulses in a reflex action: Receptor → Sensory neuron → CNS → Motor neuron → Effector.