Nutrition Module 8: organic food, GMOs, contemporary nutrition

what does organic mean?

certified foods without the use of most chemical pesticides and biochemical pesticides

What are two safer options to use to grow organic food?

chlorine

hydrogen peroxide

______ aka ROUNDUP is linked to cancer

glyphosate

_______ causes mutations in amphibians

atrazine

________ is an insecticide banned in Europe

neonictinoids

Which herbicide is found in the following items?
Kellogg’s

General Mills

Nabisco

Pepsico

glyphosate

______ are naturally occurring compounds that are allowed in organic farming

Pyrethrins

Why should you wash your fruits and veggies?

reduces pesticide content

What are the 4 benefits of eating organic?

less pesticide

may be higher in nutrients

enhances biodiversity

protects insects and animals

What are 5 examples of the “dirty dozen foods?”

bell pepper

spinach

apples

blueberries

kale

What are 5 examples of “Clean 15” foods?

avocado

kiwi

carrot

mushrooms

onions

_____ _____ is a set of technology that alter DNA of organisms to produce a desirable trait

genetic engineering

What are the 4 types of genetically modified organisms

bacteria

virus

animal

plant

What is the result of something that is genetically engineered?

GMO

____ are a segment of DNA that encode for proteins

genes

What are relevant genes for food?

sweetness

ripening

color or size of fruit

presence or absence of toxin

resistance to pests

size of leaves

_____ is when a gene is transferred from organism to another

transgenics

What is used to move genes during transgenics?

enzymes

Genetic engineering adds approximately how many foreign genes?

1-10

Why are selective breeding and hybridization not considered GMO?

not done in a lab

all contemporary crops and livestock are a result of ___ modifications

GMO

What does it mean when something is bioengineered?

genetic material is manipulated in the lab

______ ______ and _______ do NOT alter the genes of those species because it produces NEW traits

selective breeding

hybridization

What GMO food benefitted children in developing countries?

golden rice

How was the Flavr Savr developed?

genetically modifying a tomato to have reduced PG

What does the enzyme, PG, do in tomatoes?

breaks down pectin and causes them to soften

conventionally grown food starts with the # ___

4

certified organic food starts with the # __

9

genetically modified food starts with the # __

5

What are the 4 common GMO crops in the US?

corn

potato

salmon

soy

what is the benefit of GMO corn?

reduces need to spray for insecticides

what are 4 benefits of GMO soy?

eliminates soy allergen

improves digestion of soybean

affects uptake of nutrients

herbicide resistance

what are 2 benefits of GMO potatoes?

less browning

pest resistance

what is the benefit of GM salmon?

speed up growth for fish to reach adult size

What are concerns with supplements in healthy people? THINK SCAM MNEMONIC

safety not guaranteed

contamination

add ons not needed

megadoes are harmful

What are the common supplements people purchase?
MNEMONIC: my dog can eat bread

multivitamin

vitamin d

vitamin c

vitamin e

vitamin b12

What are the common supplements that athletes use?
MNEMONIC CCPB

creatine

protein

collagen

beta alanine

What happens when you have too much supplements?

fat soluble vitamins can be toxic

can cause nausea and organ damage

Who needs supplements? THINK PEID

pregnant

elderly

infants

disease/malabsorption

What vitamin do newborns need after birth and why?

vitamin k for blood clotting

what does GLP-1 do?

make you feel full

How are GLP-1 drugs used to treat disease?

used for type 2 diabetes and obesity

GLP-1 lowers _____ and lose _____

glucose, pounds

How does GLP-1 help patients with type 2 diabetes?

improves hemoglobin a1-c

lowers glucose

How does GLP-1 help obesity?

decreases appetite

weight loss

What are 4 functions of GLP-1?

increases insulin

lowers glucagon

slows digestion

decreases appetite

What are 5 side effects of GLP-1?

nausea

diarrhea

constipation

thyroid cancer risk

pancreatitis

What are the 4 characteristics shared by a healthy diet?

fruits

veggies

whole grains

healthy fats

minimal processed foods

What are the features of a Med diet?

plants

olive oil

fish

what are the benefits of a Med diet?

heart health

longevity

What are the features of a plant based diet?

mostly plants

what are the benefits of a plant based diet?

decrease in disease

lose weight

what are the features of a nordic diet?

local foods

fish

grains

what are the benefits of a nordic diet?

heart health

weight control

aging

what are some features of the DASH diet?

low sodium

what are some benefits of the DASH diet?

lowers blood pressure

lowers LDL

weight loss

improves insulin resistance

what are the features of the intermittent fasting diet?

eating in windows

time restricted

not food specific

what are the benefits of the intermittent fasting diet?

weight control

mixed benefits