science sem 1 exam

Disease

Any change that impairs the function of an individual in some way

Infectious disease

Contagious diseases caused by pathogens and can spread from one organism to another

Non-infectious diseases

Conditions that can't be spread from one organism to another and are not caused by pathogens

Pathogens

Agents causing diseases, including bacteria, protozoa, fungi, parasites, prions, and viruses

Prions

Nonliving, abnormally formed proteins that can cause neurological diseases

Viruses

Nonliving entities consisting of DNA or RNA within a protein coat, requiring host cells to replicate

Direct Transmission

Spread of diseases through direct contact with infected individuals or body fluids

Indirect Transmission

Spread of diseases through intermediary agents like vectors, contaminated objects, or airborne pathogens

Plague

Contagious diseases spreading rapidly through a population, leading to high death rates

Epidemic

Occurrence of a disease affecting many people in a specific area within a short time

Pandemic

Global spread of a disease affecting a large number of people worldwide

Immunity

Resistance to a specific disease-causing pathogen, preventing the development of the disease

Active Immunity

Body actively produces antibodies against pathogens

Passive Immunity

Body receives antibodies against pathogens passively

Natural Immunity

Immunity acquired through natural causes

Artificial Immunity

Immunity acquired through human intervention, like vaccinations