Gastrointestinal System

These flashcards cover key terms and definitions related to the gastrointestinal system, aiding in exam preparation.

Alimentary Canal

A 30 feet long digestive tract including mouth, pharynx, esophagus, small intestine, large intestine, and anus.

Peristalsis

The process of wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.

Accessory Organs

Organs such as teeth, tongue, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and salivary glands that assist in digestion.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

A condition where stomach acid backs up into the esophagus due to the inability of the lower esophageal sphincter to close fully.

Clinical Manifestations of GERD

Symptoms include dyspepsia, burning sensation in the chest, regurgitation of food, and discomfort after eating.

Peptic Ulcers

Ulcerations found in the lower esophagus to the duodenum commonly caused by H. Pylori infection, tobacco use, and increased acid secretion.

Cirrhosis

A chronic, degenerative liver disease characterized by scarring of liver tissue and impaired blood flow.

Hepatitis

Inflammation of the liver caused by viral infections or toxins, which may lead to liver failure.

Diverticulosis

Pouch-like herniations through the muscular layer of the colon, often resulting from a low residue diet.

Intestinal Obstruction

A condition where GI contents cannot pass due to a blockage, requiring prompt treatment.

Appendicitis

Inflammation of the vermiform appendix, characterized by acute pain in the right lower quadrant.

Pancreatitis

Acute or chronic inflammation of the pancreas, often presenting with severe abdominal pain.

Ulcerative Colitis

Inflammation of the mucosal layers of the colon and rectum, associated with psychosomatic factors.