Forensic Biology Overview

A set of 30 flashcards designed to help students review key vocabulary and concepts in forensic biology, focusing on definitions and applications within forensic science.

Forensic Science

The application of scientific principles (biology, chemistry) to solve problems related to the administration of justice.

Locard's Exchange Principle

The principle stating that 'every contact leaves a trace'.

Forensic Pathology

The branch of forensic science that involves autopsies to determine the cause, time, and manner of death.

Forensic Anthropology

The study and identification of human skeletal remains.

Forensic Entomology

The study of insects to estimate time of death in a criminal investigation.

Forensic Odontology

The examination of dental records and bite marks for victim identification.

Serology

The study of serum and other bodily fluids to determine their properties in relation to crime.

Biological Evidence

Physical evidence derived from biological sources, typically for use in forensic investigations.

Chain of Custody

The documented process of maintaining and handling evidence to uphold its integrity.

Biological Stains

Remnants of biological materials, such as blood or semen, that can provide evidence at crime scenes.

Presumptive Tests

Preliminary tests used to indicate the presence of a specific biological material, such as blood or semen.

Preservation Method

Using breathable containers for evidence to prevent degradation and contamination.

Contextual Evidence

Evidence that provides background information relevant to the interpretation of DNA profiles.

Identification of Sewage Contamination

Assessing DNA to distinguish between incidental contact and involvement in criminal acts.

Evidence Collection

The systematic gathering of materials from a crime scene for analysis.

Documenting Evidence

Recording the details about the evidence obtained, including photographs and written notes.

Reconstruction of Crime

The process of piecing together events of a crime through evidence.

Biological Material

Any organic material derived from living organisms, such as blood or saliva.

Microscopic Evidence

Evidence that requires magnifying instruments for proper examination.

Environmental Conditions

Factors such as heat and light that can affect the integrity of evidence.

Victim Perpetrator Relationship

The connections or history between the victim and the suspect in a forensic investigation.

Semen Analysis

Testing for the presence and origin of semen as evidence in sexual assault cases.

Types of Biological Evidence

Includes blood, saliva, vaginal secretions, and hair for forensic analyses.

Biophysical Evidence

Evidence that can be quantified or measured for scientific analysis.

Direct to DNA Argument

A legal premise stating that finding suspect DNA is sufficient for a conviction.

Clothing Evidence

Items of clothing that may contain biological evidence linking a suspect to a crime.

Evidence Packaging

The process of preparing and sealing evidence for transport to the lab.

Evidence Integrity

Maintaining the authenticity and reliability of evidence throughout the investigative process.

Biological Comparison

Using biological samples to establish a match or link between a suspect and a crime.

Physical Evidence

Tangible items that can play a key role in an investigation, such as weaponry or DNA.

Blood Transfer Patterns

Patterns created by blood that can provide clues about the events during a crime.

Insect Stages

Developmental phases of insects used to estimate time of death in forensic investigations.