Chapter 4: Functional Anatomy (Prokaryotic/Eukaryotic Cells)

prokaryotic cells

• measured in microns (to ID)

• majority bacteria are monomorphic (all identitcal)

  • some pleomorphic (many shapes) can be purposeful/contamination

coccus

round/spherical

bacillus

rod-shaped

• coccobacillus: oval

spiral

all are motile

• vibro

• spirillum

• spirochete

spirilla

rigid, short/thick cells

• loosely-coiled

• flagella

spirochetes

flexible, long/thin cells

• tightly-coiled

• endoflagella

“diplo-”

pairs

• diplococci, diplobacilli

“staphylo-”

clusters

• staphylococci

“strepto-”

chains

• streptococci, streptobacilli

tetrads

groups of four (only cocci)

sarcinae

cube-like groups of 8 (only cocci)

what’s true for the Genus of some bacteria?

Genus = arrangement + shape

name

pilus

name

cytoplasm

name

70S ribosomes

name

plasma membrane

name

cell wall

name

nucleoid containing DNA

name

capsule

name

inclusions

name

plasmid

name

fimbriae

name

flagella

glycocalyx

external layer of cell wall; viscous/gelatinous

• comp:

  • capsule (polysaccharide): thick, organized, tightly attached

  • slime layer (polypeptide): thin, unorganized, loosely attached

• fxn: (capsule) bact. easy attach to host “sticky”

  • bact. look bigger → escape phagocytosis

• ex: (optional) streptococcus mutans (mouth/teeth → cavities); streptococcus pneumoniae (HUGE capsules)

flagella