AP 2 Exam 1 Study Guide: Blood and the Cardiovascular System

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering the composition of blood, hematopoiesis, cardiac cycles, and clinical vascular conditions based on Chapters 18, 19, and 20.

Formed elements

The components of whole blood making up $45\%$ of its volume, consisting of leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets.

Plasma

The liquid component of blood making up $55\%$ of whole blood composition.

Hematopoiesis

The general process of blood cell formation.

Erythropoiesis

The process of red blood cell production stimulated by erythropoietin (EPO), resulting in reticulocytes.

EPO (erythropoietin)

The hormone secreted by the kidney that influences erythropoiesis.

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells characterized by being anucleate, having a specific shape, and containing hemoglobin.

Thrombopoiesis

The process of platelet production stimulated by thrombopoietin via megakaryocytes.

Thrombopoietin

The hormone involved in thrombopoiesis, secreted mainly by the liver (as well as the kidney, bone marrow, and spleen).

Leukopoiesis

The process of white blood cell production influenced by colony stimulating factors (CSF).

CSF (colony stimulating factors)

Glycoproteins secreted by cells, usually in response to stress, that influence leukopoiesis.

Hemostasis

The process of stopping bleeding, which occurs in three stages: vasospasm, platelet plug, and coagulation.

Systole

The stage of the cardiac cycle representing contraction, recorded as the top number in blood pressure.

Diastole

The stage of the cardiac cycle representing relaxation when the heart fills with blood, recorded as the lower number in blood pressure.

Atherosclerosis

A clinical condition characterized by the hardening of arteries due to plaque deposition.

Aneurysms

Bulging arteries caused by a weakness in the walls which may rupture and lead to death.

Ischemic Stroke

An interruption of blood flow to the heart or brain caused specifically by a clot.

Hemorrhagic Stroke

An interruption of blood flow to the heart or brain caused by bleeding from a ruptured blood vessel.

ECG

A recording of the electrical activity of the heart, labeled as the PQRST cycle.