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30 Terms
Gene
A specific segment of DNA that tells cells how to function.
RNA Stands for
Ribonucleic acid.
What is the difference between DNA and RNA?
RNA is single stranded and DNA is double stranded.
mRNA
Carries coded message.
rRNA
Holds ribosomes together and locates the beginning of the mRNA message.
tRNA
Delivers the exact amino acid called for by the mRNA.
RNA Synthesis
The process of copying a base sequence from DNA to RNA.
RNA polymerase
Needed to copy the DNA, binds to DNA, and separates a strand.
What is the process of DNA to mRNA called?
Transcription.
Where does transcription happen?
In the nucleus.
What is the process of mRNA to protein called?
Translation.
How is the genetic code read?
3 bases at a time.
What is a three-letter sequence known as?
Codon.
What are proteins?
Amino acids joined in a long chain called a polypeptide.
What is a Mutation?
A change in genetic information.
What is Substitution in genetics?
Changing only one nucleotide.
What is a Silent Mutation?
No effect on the codon.
What is a Missense Mutation?
Amino acid codon changes, causing a mistake.
What is a Nonsense Mutation?
Acts as a stop codon and the sequence stops.
What is the Central Dogma of Biology?
DNA to RNA to Protein.
What happens during Transcription?
Changes the DNA into mRNA.
What happens during Translation?
Changes the mRNA into amino acids which form a protein.
What is Deletion in genetics?
When one nucleotide is deleted, causing everything after to shift, also known as frameshift.
What is a Monomer?
Amino acids.
How many different amino acids are there?
20 different amino acids with different R side chains.
What bonds amino acids together?
Peptide bonds.
What is the Primary Structure of a protein?
Chain of amino acids held together by peptide bonds.
What is the Secondary Structure of a protein?
Folding or coiling of polypeptide chains.
What is the Tertiary Structure of a protein?
Complete 3-D arrangement of the polypeptide chain.
What is the Quaternary Structure of a protein?
Proteins with more than one folded chain forming a large, folded, 3D structure.