Bio104 Test 3 Dr.Hayes

Symbiotic relationship

a close, long-term interaction between two or more different species where at least one benefits

endosymbiotic

a symbiotic association where one organism (the endosymbiont) lives inside the cells of another (the host), often leading to a mutual benefit such as nutrient exchange or the development of new functions for the host

parasitic relationship

The Host is effected negatively and the Organism benefits

Mutualistic Relationship

both the Organism and the Host benefit

commenslism

the Organism benefits and nothing happens to the Host Organism

Fruticose Lichen

bushy or hair-like structures. occurs on trees most often

Foliose Lichen

has leaf-like characteristics typically found on trees

Cructose Lichen

Typically found on Rocks and has a Crusty appeareance 

Mycorrhizae

a Mutualistic relationship between spore and root. enhances a plants ability to intake water and nutrients

Arbuscular Mycorrhizae

a type of symbiotic relationship between fungi and plants where the fungus colonizes the plant's root cells, forming branched structures called arbuscules

Etomycorrhizae

a mutualistic relationship where the fungus forms a sheath (mantle) around the root and a network (Hartig net) between root cells, rather than penetrating them

Pathogenic relationship

an interaction between a pathogen (disease-causing microorganism) and a host (organism being infected)) that results in the development of an infectious disease. (this can affect humans)

Mycelium

make up the body of the fungus

Filaments

Grow from the tips of previous hypae. can be septate, allowing organelles to flow between cells

hypha

a singular filament

hyphae

a plural filament

Chitin

a vital structural polysaccharide that forms a strong, flexible cell wall in most fungi

Heterotrophic saprotrophs

a type of fungus that has the ability to digest dead and decaying matter and absorb the nutrients(can sometimes be carnivorous

Fungus reproduction

can happen sexually or Asexually.

Sexual Fungi Reprodutcion

happens with Dikaryotic nuclei(heterokaryotic,homokaryotic)

Basidiomycota

fungi with club-shaped fruiting bodies called basidia

Conidia spores

used by fungi in the phylum Ascomycota to reproduce Asexually. formed by conidiaphores and are dispersed in either the air or the water

Budding

form of asexual reporduction where a new organism develops from an outgrowth on the parent

Phylum Golmeromycota

has a symbiotic relationship with plants (can’t survive without a plant host) and is only known to reporudce asexually

Phylum Zygomycota

fast growing fungi. reproduce sexually and asexually. Mold is apart of this phylum

Zygosporangium

forms in gametangia

Zygospore

develop inside the zygosporangia

Phylum Chytridiomycota

Primarily aquatic, paraphyletic

zoospores

formed by fungi in Chytridiomycota. flagellated asexual spores

Phylum Microsporidia

uncertain classification, small, obligate, intracellular parasites. Severe infection in immunocompromised individual indiviuals.

muscular foot

what structure is used for locomotion in Gastropods?

with the radula

how do snails feed?

arms and tentacles and a siphon

what is the foot of the cephlapod modified into

moving and grabbing prey

what are the functions of the modified foots of cephlapods

their musuclar foot

what do clams and other bivalve mollusks use to bury themselves

Polychaeta

Marine worms are in what class

Gizzard

what anatomical structure grinds food into small pieces

nephridium

what structure removes metabolic waste from the organism

hermaphrodite

what terms means possessing both male and female reproductive structures

Cereberal ganglion

Annelids have a primitve brain. what is the term for this structure?

Phylum Annelida

includes all segments worms

Class Oligochaeta

includes earthworms and those close adjacent

Class Hirudinea

includes things like leeches

Clitellum

the reproductive structure of organisms in Phylum Annelida

Class Polychaeta

a sea worm with many bristles in its swimming form

Polychaetes

the sessile form of Polychaeta

Septa

the divider between segments in worms

The head region contains

Sensory Organs. and in some cases eyes, lenses, and retinas

Tail region 

pygidium

Segments are seperate but not

impermeable

Cephalization

the concentration of sense organs, nervous control, etc., at the anterior end of the body, forming a head and brain, both during evolution and in the course of an embryo's development.

Chaetae

the small hooks on the outside of an earthworms body

Earthworms are

hermaphroditic and can cross fertilize

breeding season

Worms always have their clitellum but leeches only develop it during

Coelomate body

tube inside of a tube

hephridim

in Phylum Annelida Excretion is done through the

Phylum Bryozoa & Brachiopoda

mostly marine animals, have a characteristic lophophore.

lophophore

specialized feeding structure used for feeding found in certain aquatic invertebraes

colonial animals

Bryozoans are exclusively

Zoecium

what helps Bryozoans attach to rocks

Not a Clam

Brachiopods are

Phylum Mollusca

includes all protosomic invertebrate animals

an organism that is formed with the mouth first

What is a Protosome?

an organism that is formed anus first

what is a deuterosome

Class Polyplacophora

what clas is this?

Mollusca

what phylum is this animal?

Gastropoda

what class is this animal?

Gastropoda

what class is this animal?

Gastropoda

what class is this animal?

Bivalvia

what class is this animal?

Bivalvia

what class is this animal

Cephalopoda

what class is this animal?

cephalopoda

what class is this animal

Mantle

thick sheet of epidermis surrounding the body cavity of a mollusk

take in oxygen and filter food from water

what do the ctenidia in a mollusk do

Paraphyli

classification term for a group that includes a common ancestor and some, but not all of its descendents

Monophyli

a group that consists of a single ancestor and all its descendents. also known as a clade

amniotes

an animal whose embryo develops in amnion and chorion

Eukarya

what domain are we in

Opistocanta

what supergroup are we in

Animalia

what kingdom are we in

Phylum Porifera

includes all sponges

Phylum Porifera Larva

free swiming 

Phylum Porifera Adult

Stop moving, are called sessile

Choanocytes

collar cells that face toward the internal cavity

Epithelial cells

flattened cells that form pores allowing water and food thorough

Amoeboid cells

present in the mesohyl matrix, spicules and spongin

mesohyl matrix

the connective tissue layer in sponges thats between the inner and outer cell layers

sponge spicules

small microscopic needle like structures

spongin

a soft flexible fiber that gives sponges their sponginess

Colloblast cells

used to trap prey, cells are stikcy

Diploblast tissue layers

includes Epidermis and the gastrodermis

Gastrodermis

the inner layer of Ctenophora. holds the mouth and digestive enzymes

Ctenophora

what phylum is this in

Phylum Cnidaria

includes organisms that are Carnivorous, have cnidocytes, are Diploblastic, and radially symmetrical

Anthozoa

what class is this(not the fish)

Anthozoa

what class are these corals

Cubozoa

what class is this

Hydrozoa

what class is this

Scyphozoa

what class is this