B3.2 HL Transport in Animals [IB Biology HL]

What are the two types of blood vessels in the circulatory system?

Arteries carry blood away from the heart at high pressure; veins return blood to the heart at low pressure.

What is the role of capillaries in the circulatory system?

Capillaries allow for the diffusion of substances between the blood and tissues.

What is tissue fluid, and what does it contain?

Tissue fluid is the fluid forced out of blood plasma, containing oxygen, glucose, and ions.

How does oxygen diffuse into cells?

Oxygen diffuses into cells by passive diffusion from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.

What is indirect passive transport in relation to glucose movement?

Indirect passive transport involves sodium-glucose co-transporters that help move glucose against its concentration gradient.

What happens to carbon dioxide produced by cell respiration?

Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the cells into the blood and is carried to the lungs to be exhaled.

What percentage of fluid forced out of capillaries returns to the cardiovascular system?

About 85% of the fluid returns to the capillary network.

What is lymph?

Lymph is the 15% of fluid that drains into the lymphatic system instead of the cardiovascular system.

What are the two separate loops in the mammalian circulatory system?

A high-pressure loop that involves the heart and the rest of the body, and a low-pressure loop involving the heart and lungs.

Why do fish not require a double circulatory system?

Fish use a single circulatory system, sending blood from the heart to the gills at the same high pressure needed for organ perfusion.