Section 2 APUSH

This set of flashcards covers key concepts, events, and figures related to the War of 1812 and the Antebellum Period, highlighting the causes, outcomes, and impacts of these historical events.

What was the main purpose of the War of 1812?

To address issues like trade disruptions and impressment by the British, leading to increased nationalism in the US.

What was impressment as a cause of the War of 1812?

The British forced American sailors into their navy, exemplified by the Chesapeake-Leopard Affair.

What did the Non-Intercourse Act aim to achieve?

To modify trade restrictions and allow trade with countries other than Britain and France.

What role did Tecumseh play in the War of 1812?

As a Native American leader, he formed a coalition to resist American expansion and allied with the British after the Battle of Tippecanoe.

Which political party did James Madison represent during the War of 1812?

The Republican Party, which aligned with France.

What was the outcome of the Treaty of Ghent?

It ended the War of 1812, restoring the status quo but igniting a sense of nationalism in the US.

What was the significance of the Battle of New Orleans?

Fought after the war ended, it boosted American nationalism and made Andrew Jackson a national hero.

What was Henry Clay’s American System?

An economic plan promoting national self-sufficiency, internal improvements, and a national bank.

What was the primary cause of the Missouri Compromise?

To maintain the balance of free and slave states in response to Missouri's request to be admitted as a slave state.

What did the Monroe Doctrine state?

It declared that the Americas were off-limits for European colonization, asserting US influence in the Western Hemisphere.

What were the main push factors for Irish immigration during the Antebellum Period?

Political oppression and the Great Potato Famine prompted many Irish to flee to the US.

What was Nativism and how did it manifest during the Antebellum Period?

A backlash against immigrants, leading to anti-immigrant sentiment and the formation of the Know-Nothing Party.

What did the Second Great Awakening promote?

It encouraged religious revivalism and social reforms, fostering movements like abolitionism and temperance.

What was the outcome of the Dred Scott decision?

It ruled that African Americans could not be citizens and that Congress had no authority to prohibit slavery in the territories.

What were the two sides in the Lincoln-Douglas debates?

Abraham Lincoln argued against the spread of slavery, while Stephen Douglas supported popular sovereignty.

How did the Civil War begin?

With the attack on Fort Sumter by Confederate forces in April 1861.

What was the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation?

It transformed the war into a battle against slavery and prevented foreign intervention by making it a moral issue.

What was one lasting impact of the Reconstruction Era?

Despite the establishment of amendments for equal rights, systemic discrimination and segregation remained prevalent.

What led to the Compromise of 1877?

Disputed electoral votes led to a political compromise that ended Reconstruction in exchange for Republican control of the presidency.

What was the Abolitionist Movement during the Antebellum Period?

A social and political effort to end slavery in the United States, propelled by figures like William Lloyd Garrison.

What was the Seneca Falls Convention (1848)?

The first women's rights convention in US history, which issued the 'Declaration of Sentiments' advocating for gender equality and suffrage.

What was the Temperance Movement?

A social reform effort aiming to reduce or prohibit the consumption of alcoholic beverages, believing it led to societal ills.

What was Manifest Destiny?

The 19th-century belief that the US was destined by God to expand its dominion and spread democracy across the North American continent.

Who was John Tyler and what was his nickname?

The 10th US President, known as 'His Accidency' for assuming office after William Henry Harrison’s death, and for annexing Texas.

What was James K. Polk's main presidential goal?

To greatly expand US territory through aggressive foreign policy, largely fulfilling Manifest Destiny's territorial aims.

What was the primary cause of the US-Mexican War?

A border dispute over Texas and Polk's desire to acquire Mexican territories like California and New Mexico.

What was the outcome of the US-Mexican War?

The US victory led to the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, ceding significant Mexican territory to the US.

What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)?

It allowed settlers in the Kansas and Nebraska territories to decide on the slavery issue through popular sovereignty, leading to 'Bleeding Kansas'.

What was the Compromise of 1850?

A package of five bills resolving disputes over slavery in new territories, including California's admission as a free state and a stricter Fugitive Slave Act.

What was John Brown's Raid on Harpers Ferry (1859)?

An attempt by abolitionist John Brown to initiate an armed slave revolt by taking over a US arsenal, which ultimately failed and heightened sectional tensions.

What was the significance of 'Uncle Tom's Cabin' by Harriet Beecher Stowe?

This influential anti-slavery novel exposed the brutality of slavery to a wider audience, fueling abolitionist sentiment and angering the South.

What was the First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)?

The first major land battle of the Civil War, fought near Washington D.C., which resulted in a Confederate victory and signaled a longer, bloodier war.

Why was the Battle of Antietam significant?

It was the deadliest single-day battle in US history and provided Lincoln with the perceived victory he needed to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.

What was the significance of the Battle of Gettysburg?

A major Union victory often considered the turning point of the Civil War, stopping the Confederate invasion of the North.

Why was the Siege of Vicksburg important?

Its capture by the Union gave them control of the Mississippi River, dividing the Confederacy and severely disrupting their supply lines.

What was Sherman's March to the Sea?

A devastating military campaign by Union General William Tecumseh Sherman through Georgia, employing 'total war' tactics to cripple the Confederacy's will to fight.

What happened at Appomattox Court House?

The formal surrender of Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia to Union General Ulysses S. Grant, effectively ending the Civil War.

What was Macon's Bill No. 2 (1810)?

A law that reopened trade with both Britain and France, with the stipulation that if either nation ceased attacks on American shipping, the US would halt trade with the other.

What was the Panic of 1819?

The first major financial crisis in the US, caused by overspeculation in land, declining demand for American goods, and strict credit policies by the Second Bank of the US.

What was the significance of Jackson's Florida Invasion (1818)?

Andrew Jackson's unauthorized military incursion into Spanish Florida, which helped lead to the Adams-Onís Treaty where Spain ceded Florida to the US.

What was the 'Corrupt Bargain' in the Election of 1824?

A political scandal where Henry Clay allegedly swayed electoral votes to John Quincy Adams in exchange for becoming Secretary of State, though no direct evidence was found.

What was the Indian Removal Act of 1830?

Legislation signed by Andrew Jackson that authorized the forced removal of Native American tribes from their ancestral lands in the southeastern US to territories west of the Mississippi River.

What was the Texas War for Independence (1835-1836)?

The conflict between Mexican Texans (Tejanos and American settlers) and the Mexican government, resulting in the establishment of the Republic of Texas.

What was the 'Hard Cider Election' of 1840?

The presidential campaign between William Henry Harrison and Martin Van Buren, characterized by Harrison's Whig party using populist imagery like log cabins and hard cider to appeal to the common man.

What was the Wilmot Proviso (1846)?

A proposed but unsuccessful amendment to a military appropriations bill, seeking to ban slavery in any territories acquired from Mexico in the Mexican-American War.

What is popular sovereignty as it relates to slavery?

The principle that the authority of a state and its government are created and sustained by the consent of its people, through their elected representatives, who are the source of all political power, particularly used to allow settlers in a territory to decide on the legality of slavery.

What was the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850?

A highly controversial part of the Compromise of 1850 that required all citizens, even in free states, to assist in the capture and return of escaped slaves, denying fugitives a jury trial and increasing northern opposition to slavery.

What was the significance of the Election of 1860?

The election of Abraham Lincoln, a Republican, without southern electoral votes, triggered the secession of Southern states and ultimately led to the Civil War.

What were the New York City Draft Riots (1863)?

Violent disturbances in New York City, primarily by working-class Irish immigrants, in response to new laws passed by Congress to draft men to fight in the ongoing Civil War.

Who was George B. McClellan during the Civil War?

A Union Army general known for his meticulous organization and training of the Army of the Potomac, but also criticized for his cautious leadership and reluctance to engage Confederate forces decisively.