MAORI 102 PART 1 - Foundations

purakau

myths, legends, cultural codes, philosophical thought, metaphoric and literal, generational knowledge and understanding

atua

ancestor of ongoing influence with power over particular domains, god over a particular domain

Karakia/Tohunga

chant accompanying a ritual act, experts within their practice, endowed by atua with teaching abilities

Io

high supreme atua, creator, brought other atua into existence

Te Kore

the void, nothinginess but still something

Hine-ahu-one

relationship between man and woman

Ranginuni and Papatuanuku

Sky father and mother earth

children of Ranginuni and Papatuanuku

forest/birds, wind, people, fernroot, sweet potato, sea/reptiles/fish

Tikanga

living ways that are congruent with purakau: manners, etiquette, behaviors, guidlines, adressed wrongdoings

Tangaroa

Atua of the sea, lakes, rivers, all of life

Whakapapa

genealogical connections and narratives

Aroha

love, compassion for others, empathy, concern for others

Manaakitanga

kinship, relationship, connection, belonging

Mana

Prestige and authority

Tapu

sacred state/condition in which a person or place is set aside by dedication to the gods and therefore is removed from use (can be intrinsic from atua or extrinsic with lectures, rahui etc)

Hawaiki

ancestral homelands, zone of islands in Eastern Polynesia

timing of earliest archaeological site

Mid 14th century

Wairau Bar

Earliest site, on north part of the South Island

rangatira

commander at stern of waka

waka voyage details

• double hulled canoe

• 22-70 per crew

• often pairs or multiple wakas in a group

Noa

avoid doing tapu, live in the noa

whakapaparanga

ancestry

waka

1st level of identification

iwi

2nd level if ID, larger extended kinship, group, tribe, nation, governed by ariki

Hapu

medium sized kinship group, common ancestor defending certain areas, functional primary units (in 1840 when boundary lines became fixed, hapu creation ended)

Whanau

does not equal family but acts as one

Kaitakitanga

survival is ensured in spiritual economic and political terms with guardianship and ways of thinking being acting and taking care of one’s life

Tiaki

to care for or protect and conserve

Resource Management Act (1991) significance for Maori and Land

1st statue to contain the word Kaitakitanga

Te Urewera

1st place with personhood protection status

co-opting kupu

“stakeholder” form of displacement for maori with no governance

Kaitiaki

significant non human aspects of the environment - animals, plants, guardians, protectors and landmarks

Marae

collections of buildings that serve as a communal, sacred, political and social meeting ground that serves as a focal point for Maori communities

Marae facts

• educational spaces

• marae as the epitome of manaaki

• sites to practice tikanga maori

• lots of shapes and sizes

• Maori Land Reserves Act (1993) and Marae Reservations REgulations (1994)

Manaaki

to cherish, conserve and sustain

Pohiri/Powhiri

traditional Maori welcoming ceremony

Karakia

before or while entering a Marae, usually done by a male

Wero

more auspicious occasions welcome ceremony

Utu

reciprocation or balence

Hakari

a shared meal

Takiaue

traditional Maori funeral process, multiple steps

Tane-mahuta

god of forest/birds, seperated his parents, brought first female into world from clay

Tawhiri-matea

god of the wind

Tumatauenga

god of people

Haumia-tiketike

god of fernroot

Rongo-ma-tane

god of sweet potato

Tangaroa

god of sea, reptiles, fish

Tapu dimensions

sacredness, prohibition, uncleanliness

Noa

opposite of tapu, normal everyday unrestricted state