CH. 44 Quiz 8 intro to gastro system and accessory structures

What is the entry point for food in the GI tract?

Mouth

What enzymes are produced by the salivary glands for starch digestion?

Ptyalin (salivary amylase)

What are the three parts of the small intestine?

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

What is the primary function of the jejunum?

Nutrient absorption

What section of the lower GI tract receives unabsorbed material?

Cecum

What is the function of the appendix?

No known function in digestion; can become inflamed.

What main functions does the colon perform?

Absorption of water, electrolytes, and vitamins K; formation and storage of fecal matter.

What is the final section of the digestive tract that stores feces?

Rectum

What is the function of the anus in the GI tract?

Control of fecal expulsion.

What is the peritoneum?

A serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs.

What is the primary function of the liver?

Production of bile and intermediary metabolism.

What happens to bile during fasting?

Water is absorbed to concentrate bile.

What does the pancreas secrete to regulate blood sugar levels?

Insulin and glucagon.

What are the digestive enzymes involved in carbohydrate digestion?

Ptyalin, Pancreatic Amylase, Maltase, Sucrase, Lactase.

How does pepsin function in protein digestion?

Activates in the stomach to convert protein to polypeptides.

What are the functions of lipases in fat digestion?

Break down triglycerides into free fatty acids and monoglycerides.

What role does stomach acid (HCl) play in digestion?

Aids in protein digestion and acts as a barrier to pathogens.

What are the three methods of nutrient absorption in the small intestine?

Passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport.

What does the GI tract do during elimination?

Removes indigestible residues as feces.

What changes does aging cause in the GI system?

Affects intestinal motility, digestive secretions, and sensitivity to satiety cues.

What is the purpose of GI endoscopy?

Direct visual examination for diagnosing conditions and performing interventions.

What does a colonoscopy examine?

The entire colon.

What imaging techniques are used to assess structural abnormalities in the GI tract?

CT scans, MRI, and ultrasonography.

What does gastric analysis assess?

Gastric acid and enzymatic activity.

What can stool analysis identify?

Infections, malabsorption, and blood in the stool.

What are common symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)?

Heartburn, regurgitation, and dysphagia.

What treatment is involved for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?

Dietary adjustments, medication, and stress management.

What are symptoms of Peptic Ulcer Disease?

Burning stomach pain, bloating, and potential bleeding.

What should clients be counseled about after diagnostic tests?

Dietary restrictions and signs of complications.

What is important in nutritional counseling for GI health?

A balanced diet with adequate fiber and hydration.

What type of nutrients primarily undergo passive diffusion?

Water and lipids.

What is the main duct that opens into the duodenum?

Common bile duct and pancreatic duct.

What role do bile salts play in fat digestion?

Emulsify fats into smaller droplets to increase surface area for lipase action.