Quiz 1 rads 350

Alternatives to pa and lateral chest

AP trauma chest or AP decubitus

What is a osteophyte?

Bone spur often on spine and feet they cause pain

What is the SID for a portable chest

40"

What is pneumothorax

collapsed lung - air in pleural space

How to position PT for a chest x-ray

Pt facing Bucky, chin up, shoulders touching IR, hands/arms forward hugging Bucky to remove them from the lung field

Where does the central ray enter for chest exams

T-7 @ MSP

Where does the central ray enter for a Pa hand

3rd MCP joint

Where does the central ray enter for an oblique hand

3rd MCP jt

Where does the central ray enter for a lateral hand

2nd MCP joint

What are the routine chest exams

PA and lateral

What is the SID used for a Pa and Lateral chest

72"

What are the routine exams for a humerus

Pa and lateral

Does chest use a grid

Yes

What is the SID for a humerus

40

Does humerus use a grid

Yes it should

How to prep pt. for chest x-rays

Remove jewelry and undress from waist up

What are the routine hand exams

Pa, oblique, lateral

What anatomy should be included on hand x-rays

All phalanges, carpals, metacarpals, distal ends of radius and ulna must

Pa hand evaluation criteria

Entire hand included open IP and MCP joints with no rotation, 1" around soft tissue, and evidence of Collimation

Oblique hand evaluation criteria

-Evidence of proper collimation

- anatomy from fingertips to distal radius and ulna

- digits separated slightly with no overlap of their soft tissues

- 45 degrees of rotation of anatomy

• minimal overlap of the third, fourth, and fifth metacarpal bodies

• slight overlap of the metacarpal bases and heads

• separation of the second and third metacarpals

-open IP and MCP joint

- soft tissue and bony trabecular detail

Lateral fan evaluation criteria

Entire hand and carpals demonstrated

Center of field at second MCP joint

Fingers equally separated

Exposure factors

thumb and pointer finger do not touch

Thumb free of motion and superimposition

Extended digits

Hand in true lateral position

Superimposed metacarpals

Superimposed distal and radius and ulna

Evaluation criteria for chest

No rotation, entire lung field from apices to costophrenic angles, no artifacts

Anatomy that must be on a chest x-ray

Entire lung field from apices to costophrenic angles, 10 ribs on right side, thoracic vertebrae, right and left hemidiaphragm, cardiac shadow, clavicles, sternum, scapulae, ac joints, acrimon process

How to know your patient was not rotated in a lateral chest

The posterior ribs are superimposed and both lung apices are superimposed, sternum in profile, hilum in center

All anatomy included on humerus x-rays

Humeral Head, Anatomical Neck, Surgical Neck, Greater Tuberosity, Lesser Tuberosity, Intertubercular Groove (Bicipital Groove)

Evaluation criteria for humerus exams

capturing the entire length of the bone, including both the glenohumeral joint (shoulder) and the elbow joint

hypotension

low blood pressure

tracheal deviation

shifting of the trachea

hemodynamic instability

blood unable to maintain and adequate flow

KVP range for hand x-rays

65-75

What is the kVp for chest

grid 110-130

What is the kVp for humerus exams

nongrid 65-75 grid 75-90

What are pneumothorax symptoms

Shortness of breath (SOB), chest pain/ tightness, coughing

What are alternatives to a Pa chest

AP supine or stretcher

Who to tell if a chest image is well exposed

S-value, lung markings, no bright or dark spots that shouldn't be there

What are contradictions to being able to preform a humerus exam

Dislocations and breaks causing patients to be unable to move their arm

When is a grid used?

when the part is more than 10 cm