AICE PE

Hinge Joint

Allows flexion and extension, exemplified by the elbow and knee.

Ball and Socket Joint

Facilitates movement in all directions, as seen in the shoulder and hip.

Synovial Fluid

A viscous fluid that lubricates joints, reducing friction and wear.

Ligament

Connective tissue that connects bone to bone, providing stability to joints.

Cartilage

A smooth, rubbery tissue that covers the ends of bones in joints, reducing friction.

Flexion

Decreasing joint angle.

Extension

Increasing joint angle.

Abduction

Moving away from the body.

Adduction

Moving towards the body.

Rotation

Circular movement around an axis.

Circumduction

Circular movement combining flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.

First Law of Motion

An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an external force.

Second Law of Motion

Describes the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration: Force = Mass × Acceleration.

Third Law of Motion

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

First-Class Lever

The fulcrum is in the middle, like in neck nodding.

Second-Class Lever

The load is in the middle, exemplified by a calf raise.

Third-Class Lever

The effort is in the middle, like in a bicep curl.

Open Skill

Performed in unpredictable environments, such as a soccer pass.

Closed Skill

Executed in predictable environments, like a gymnastics routine.

Gross Skill

Involves large muscle movements, focusing on overall body coordination.

Fine Skill

Requires small, precise movements, emphasizing accuracy and control.

Cognitive Stage

The learner is new to the skill, making many mistakes and requiring guidance.

Associative Stage

The learner practices the skill, making fewer mistakes and refining technique.

Autonomous Stage

The skill becomes automatic, allowing focus on other performance aspects.

Intrinsic Motivation

Driven by internal rewards, such as personal satisfaction.

Extrinsic Motivation

Driven by external rewards, like trophies or recognition.

Intrinsic Feedback

Information that comes from within the performer, like feelings during practice.

Extrinsic Feedback

Information provided by external sources, such as coaches.

Hawk-Eye

A technology used for line decisions in sports like tennis.

VAR (Video Assistant Referee)

Technology used in football to review on-field referee decisions.

Wearable Tech

Devices that track performance and health metrics, aiding in training.

Deviance

Behavior that goes against the norms of sport, such as cheating.

Match-fixing

Manipulating results for personal gain, undermining sports integrity.

Barriers to Participation

Factors such as gender, age, ethnicity, ability, and cost that limit sports involvement.

Heart Chambers

Comprised of the right and left atrium and right and left ventricle.

Double Circulatory System

Consists of pulmonary and systemic circuits, ensuring efficient blood oxygenation.

Cardiac Output

The product of stroke volume and heart rate, indicating heart efficiency.

Tidal Volume

The volume of air inhaled and exhaled in one breath, a measure of lung capacity.