BSCI450: Lactation

what is structure of mammary gland lobule similar to

alveoli

how does milk eject

smooth muscle contract around milk ducts

what are P and E responsible for in breast feeding

grow the tissue but inhibit milk secretion

what drives duct development

estrogen from placenta

what matures secretory cells of breasts

progesterone

PIH

prolactin inhibitory hormone

type of dopamine

hormone of milk production

prolactin

hormone of milk release

oxytocin

stage 1 milk production

after birth, prolactin levels rise

TSH enhances prolactin release

dopamine inhibits prolactin release

characterize control of milk production

negative

stage 2 milk release

oxytocin triggers muscle contraction

stages of milk delivery

production

release

how do babies get milk

latch -> mechanoreceptors -> activate oxytocin

baby cry -> oxytocin release

sickle cell disease

mutation changes shape of RBC -> harder for blood to flow through vessel

substitution of sickle cell

Glu -> Val

hydrophilic -> hydrophobic

symptoms of sickle cell

painful tissue deoxygenation

swelling

short RBC lifetime -> anemia

what does sickle cell lead to edema

blocked vein valves -> increase hydrostatic pressure in capillaries

why is sickle cell still around

carriers protected against malaria

what to do about sickle cell disease

genetic screening

bone marrow transfusion

activate fetal Hb

how does bone marrow transfusion work

replaces mutated stem cells w/ non-mutated

risk of rejection

two methods of activation of fetal Hb

hydoxyurea

gene therapy delivery

process of gene therapy delivery

remove blood stem cells

edit genome to produce fetal Hb

re-infuse edited stem cells

body makes RBCs with fetal Hb

what is the genetic goal of gene therapy delivery for sickle cell

locus control region controls Hb expression

transcription factor BCL11A suppresses fetal Hb

inactivate BCL11A to produce fetal Hb

neuroendocrine control of lactation

normal: hypothalamus releases PIH → travels via portal system → inhibits prolactin cells in anterior pituitary

suckling: higher brain centers suppress PIH → prolactin disinhibited → milk production

suckling: higher brain centers activate oxytocin neurons → oxytocin released from posterior pituitary → milk release