Anatomy and physiology, chapter 12

Normal blood PH

7.35-7.45

Acidosis

pH below 7.35

Alkalosis

pH above 7.45

Parts of the pharynx

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

Air passes in the parts of the pharynx in what order?

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

How many lobes each lung has?

Three for the right lung, 2 for the left lung

lobes of the right lung

superior, middle, inferior

lobes of the left lung

superior and inferior lobes

surfactant

chemical produced in the lungs to maintain the surface tension of the alveoli and keep them from collapsing

respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

respiratory complication in the newborn, especially in premature infants due to lack of surfactant

pneumothorax

air in the pleural cavity caused by a puncture of the lung or chest wall

Hemothorax

blood in the pleural cavity

Asthma

A chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing.

Pharynx

throat; passageway for food to the esophagus and air to the larynx

Voice box

larynx

Wind pipe

another name for trachea

Sleep apnea

a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings

Thoracocentesis

surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the chest cavity

Monospot test

is positive in most cases of EBV mono. if its negative but appears to be mono, likely CMV (fever, fatigue, splenomeagly, atypical lymphocytes).

The monospot test looks to see if the serum agglutinates horse erthrocytes or sheep.

spirometer

an instrument used to measure how well are the lung functioning

Epiglottis

Structure folds over the glottis during swallowing to prevent solids and liquids from entering the larynx, and ensures the passage of air from the laryngopharynx to the larynx

Glottis

Opening between vocal cords

Pneum/o

lung, air

Common passage way for food and air

pharynx

Spir/o

breathing

Thorac/o

thorax, chest

pneum/o

lung, air

Phren/o

diaphragm

Upper respiratory tract vs lower respiratory tract

URT: Structures from nose to larynx

LRT: Structures from larynx and below

Where in the brain is respiratory center located

Pons and medulla oblongata

passage of air through the respiratory system

oral/nasal cavities-> pharynx-> larynx-> trachea-> Bronchi-->bronchioles-> alveoli

Alveoli

Terminal air sacs that constitute the gas exchange surface of the lungs.

Emphysema

A serious disease that destroys lung tissue and causes breathing difficulties.

Pneumonia

inflammation of the lungs