Endocrine Glands Pt. 2

Endocrine Glands Pt. 2

Where is the thyroid gland located and what shape is it?

At the base of the neck; butterfly shape (two distinctive halves).

Name the two main Thyroid Hormones (TH).

Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3) . 

What do Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4) regulate?

Metabolism, body heat production, cellular oxygen usage, and blood pressure. 

What does Calcitonin do? 

Reduces calcium levels in the blood.

Where are the parathyroid glands located?

Attached to the back of the thyroid. 

What hormone do the parathyroid glands produce?

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) .

What is the function of Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)?

It has the opposite function of calcitonin; it brings calcium out of bones and into the bloodstream.

Where do the adrenal glands sit? 

Atop each kidney.

What are the two layers of the adrenal gland called?

Outer layer: Adrenal Cortex 

Inner layer: Adrenal Medulla 

What hormones does the Adrenal Medulla secrete?

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine. 

What response do epinephrine and norepinephrine regulate?

The "Fight or Flight" response (increases heart rate, blood pressure, blood flow, oxygen intake).

What type of hormones does the Adrenal Cortex secrete?

Glucocorticoids (ex: Cortisol and Aldosterone).

What do glucocorticoids (like cortisol) regulate? 

Ion levels for quick energy. 

The pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine functions. What are the endocrine cell clusters called?

Islets of Langerhans. 

What two hormones do the Islets of Langerhans produce?

Insulin and Glucagon. 

Which cells produce Insulin and what does it do?

Beta cells; Lowers blood glucose levels.

Which cells produce Glucagon and what does it do?

Alpha cells; Raises blood glucose levels.

Where is the thymus gland located?

Near the sternum.

What is the function of thymosin (and related thymic factors)? 

Involved in the development of the immune system