Population Distribution (44-48)

When did the world population first reach 1 billion people?

1804

Since 1804 how much has the world’s population increased?

more than 8x

What overlapping factors contributed to the drastic increase

Industrial Revolution, Medical Revolution, and Green Revolution

When were the Industrial Revolutions>?

18th and 19th centuries

When were the medical and green revolution?

20th century

What did the green and medical revolto do in terms of population?

They increased lifespans by expanding access to food and medicine

The population changes in recent centuries have created what transformations?

Positive and negative transformations of the natural and artificial landscape

Are human population trends universal across the globe?

No the vary across the globe

Which region of the world demonstrates the most rapid growth?

Africa

What does analyzing population trend over time allow geographers to predict?

Migration problems, and economic/environmental catastrophes

Which regions of the world are experiencing the most declining population?

Asia, and south/eastern europe. (Greenland too)

In 2023 United States experienced what population growth?

Positive, between 0.5% and 1%

Understanding population data allows geographers to determine the factors of what?

Population growth; Specifically economic, social, cultural, and environmental factors that promote or detract from population growth.

Regions with the most population growth are typically what?

resource deprived

What do population increases coprrespond with?

Environmental destruction, disease transmission, and urban development and decay

When was the Irish potato famine?

Mid nineteenth century

What was the Irish potato famine?

Wave of mass starvation disease, and emigration which plagued Ireland

What decision was an important factor in causing the potato famine?

English colonial policies which forced Ireland to prioritize potatoes over other sources of substinance

What fungus caused the potato famine?

Potato blight

How much did Ireland's population diminish by during the potato famine? By what means did it diminish?

Millions; deaths and emigration

As a result of the potato famine what did Ireland experience aside from a decreased population>

Significant economic and cultural upheaval

What is the Irish potato famine an example of in Human geography?

How economic, environmental, and political impacts on population create interconnected effects on nature and humanity across generations

What allows geographers top determine why people select, use and settle in different places?

Population distribvution data from scales of analysis and population diagrams

What 2 broad factors affect where, why, and how a population settled?

Physical characteristics of an environment and the decisions made by populations

Most people settle in places with what climates?

Moderate or mild climates

What regions feature climate trends that most people settle in?

Mediterranean basin and other coastal regions

What latitude lines describe where most people settle?

65 degrteees north to 45 degrteees south of the equator

What is the purpose of settling between 60N and 40S?

Avoiding extreme polar cliamts

Which continents are among the most settled between 60N and 40S?

Americas, Asia, and Europe

Clusters of settlement and development occur more easily on what type of land?

Flat land

What type of land is difficult to settle on and develop?

Mountainous regions with steep elevation changes

How does LA exemplify the idea that some lands are easier to settle/develop[p than others?

Most of the suburban sprawl is in the valleys and coastal regions of LA while the foothill and mountain regions have diminished settlement

How many people live at 25S-26S?

279 million people

Populations usually center around what?

Sources of water

What do sources of water ralow populations to do?

Provide resources and facilitate trade

Ancient Egypt developed around what river?

Nile River

What feature of land is also mportant for settlement, specifically for agricultural reasons?

Social quality

What was the Nile River rValley famous for?

Fertile soil

What human factor plays a role in determining where people choose to live?

Human activity

Areas with lots of human activity, often have what feature that attracts people?

New job opportunities as a result of urban infrastructure

How does the industrial revolution exemplify the role of human activity in where people settle?

Farming families moved to cities to work in factories provided by the Industrial revolution

How do gvernments play a role in where people settle?>

By becoming stable, effective, and secure to promote the ability of a location

What 2 processes tend to cause emigration?

Conflict and destabilization

Conflict and Destabilization cause what aside from emigration>

Economic growth (further making another area more favorable)

What are migration networks?

As family and community connections form, more migrants are attracted

What is chain migration?

When immigrants move to a new place because they’re following family members or to link with an existing community

What population trend does San Francisco’s Chinatowne xemplify?

Migration network, as its ethnic enclave community promotes chain migration from family member and social connections

On a global scale where are population clusters found?

South and Southeast Asia

On a national scale, China has population clusters where?

Its eastern half (more clustered than western half)

What does a regional/local scale demonstrate in regards to population?

How population clusters in a city or county

On a local/regional scale where does population typically cluster?

Urban centers that spread out into suburbs

What are the 3 main categories of population density?

Agricultural, arithmetic, and physiological density

What is arithmetic density?

Total pop divided by its total land area

What does arithmetic density tell geographers?

How crowded livinng conditions are in an area

What is a limitation of arithmetic density?

It doesn’t show if available resources are adequate for the population

What is an example of a region with low population density but a lack of resources to sustain it regardless?

Antarctica, with remote populations with few resources to support them.

What type of density provides geographers with insights of how capable an area is to sustain a population?

Physiological density

What is physiological density?

Total population divided by the total arable land

What does a greater physiological density mean?

It is harder to provide for that population with that amount of arable land

What is agricultural density?

Total farmers in an area divided by total arable land

What does agricultural density help geographers do?

How much labor is required to support food systems in a l,ocation

Higher agricultural density usually reflects what?

More sustenance farming ;practices

Sustenance farming is more common where?

Developing countries

List 2 developing countries in which substance farming is common

Brazil and Nigeria

What does a lower agricultural density typically mean?

The food production is more mechanized, allowing for fewer farmers

What countries typically have lower agricultural densities?

Developed countries

List 2 developed countries with low agricultural densities

Canada and Switzerland

In an urban region of a developed nation what does a a high arithmetic density and low garicultural density reveal?

That there is a dense population In which few of those people are farmers which work the land

What trends do South Asia feature in regards to population clusters?

High birth raters, and agricultural, developing economies

What features does East Asia feature in regards to population clusters?

Fertile river valleys which promote agriculture, and an early adoption pof urbanization followed by rapid industrial growth

What trends do European countries feature in regards to population clusters?

Moderate climates, early indiustrialization and urbanization

List 3 countries in South Asia

India, Pakistan, Bangladesh

List 3 counties in East Asia

China, Japan, and parts of Korea

List 3 European countroies

France, Germany, Russia

How many [people does the US have per square kilometer?

25-49

How many people does India have per square mile?

1000+

How many people do Russia, Australia, and Canada have per square mile?

0-9

How many people does most of Europe and China have per square mile?

75-99