Migration, Communication, and Identity Lecture Notes

Practice flashcards covering vocabulary from lecture notes on Non-violent Communication, migration types, historical US immigration laws, detention research, acculturation models, and resilience theory.

Non-violent Communication

A way of communicating that leads us to give from the heart, calling for conscious responses based on feelings, wants, and perceptions while listening with respect and empathy.

Observations (NVC Component)

The first component of NVC, which involves articulating what is happening without casting judgment.

Feelings (NVC Component)

The second component of NVC, identifying how one feels about a specific observation.

Needs (NVC Component)

The third component of NVC, identifying the needs connected to the feelings that have been identified.

Request (NVC Component)

The fourth component of NVC, stating what is wanted from the other person to enrich one's life.

Inclusion by exclusion

The conceptualization of detention as an expression and practice of state power.

Defensive Asylum

A form of asylum filed against removal by individuals who do not have the proper documentation.

Affirmative Asylum

A form of asylum applied for by individuals not in removal proceedings who have a visa and are physically present when applying.

Sojourners

People who migrate with the intent of eventually going back to their country of origin.

Refugees

People forced to relocate from their home countries due to threats to their safety, typically applying for status outside of the US.

Asylum seekers

People who relocate for sanctuary due to safety concerns and apply for status once they arrive in the US.

Migration Calculus

The consideration of migration risks (journey patterns, costs, safety, policies) versus migration rewards (family reunification, stability, resources).

Diversity Visa lottery

A process where $20$ million people apply annually for an allotment of approximately $50,000$ permanent cards distributed randomly.

1790 Naturalization Act

A historical act establishing initial rules for United States citizenship.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

An $1848$ treaty that ended the Mexico-American war, gave citizenship to Mexicans staying in the US, and created the first artificial southwest border.

1862 Homestead Act

An act offering free land to citizens and immigrants intending to become US citizens.

1882 Chinese Exclusion Act

A law that prevented all Chinese people from entering the United States.

Criminalization communication

(Non)verbal messages or behaviors by immigration detention staff (IDS) depicting migrants' actions, such as seeking asylum, as illegal.

Dehumanization communication

(Non)verbal messages that remove migrants' dignity or individuality, reducing them to an inferior social position and creating shame/embarrassment.

Gatekeeping communication

(Non)verbal messages that limit or control migrants' access to critical information about the US immigration system.

Compassionate communication

(Non)verbal messages that show pity and concern for migrants' suffering in detention, including intentional or actualized aid.

Acculturation

A natural process of adaptation through communication that occurs when an individual socialized in one culture moves to another and cultural groups come into contact.

Acculturation gap

The cultural differences between parents and their youth that arise because children often acculturate to new environments faster than their parents.

Culture/Language brokers

Individuals with little to no formal training (often younger family members) who linguistically and culturally mediate between parties from different backgrounds.

Family Ethnic Racial Socialization (FERS)

Mechanisms through which parents transmit information, values, and perspectives about ethnicity and identity to their children.

Cultural socialization

A theme of FERS involving parental practices that teach children about their ethnic or racial heritage and history.

Promotion of mistrust

A theme of FERS involving practices that emphasize the need for wariness and distrust in interracial relations.

Preparation for bias

A theme of FERS involving parents' efforts to promote children's awareness of discrimination and prepare them to cope with it.

Egalitarianism messages

Messages that explicitly encourage children to value individual qualities over racial or ethnic group membership.

Identity gap

A contradiction between different layers of identity (personal, enacted, relational, communal) that can create tension and lead to identity negotiation.

Eugenics

The science of improving human stock by giving more suitable races or strains of blood a better chance of prevailing over those deemed less suitable.

Positive eugenics

The belief that those deemed eugenically fit (with strong biological and moral traits) should reproduce to ensure racial progress.

Negative eugenics

The belief that those deemed eugenically unfit should not reproduce.

Advocacy communication

Implicit or explicit messages centering on creating positive contributions to one's minoritized group at the individual or group level.

Thriving

A process where an individual grows and learns from experienced hardship, going beyond mere recovery to being better off than before the adversity.

Resilience

A process by which a person exposed to hardship or suffering experiences positive adaptation and the capacity to bounce back.

Assets (Resilience Theory)

The individual-level factors for coping with trauma, such as thinking positive thoughts or leaning on faith.

Resources (Resilience Theory)

Factors outside of the individual that provide support, such as family and friends.